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{ "count": 24897, "next": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2461", "previous": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2459", "results": [ { "article_id": 306, "title": "Urolithin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor", "summary": "<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3><p>Urolithin A (URA) is an intestinal microbiota metabolic product from ellagitannin-containing foods with multiple biological activities. However, its role in autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. Here, for first time, we demonstrate the therapeutic effect of URA in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Therapeutic effect was evaluated via an active and passive EAE animal model <i>in vivo</i>. The function of URA on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), T cells, and microglia were tested <i>in vitro</i>.</p><h3>Findings</h3><p>Oral URA (25 mg/kg/d) suppressed disease progression at prevention, induction, and effector phases of preclinical EAE. Histological evaluation showed that significantly fewer inflammatory cells, decreased demyelination, lower numbers of M1-type microglia and activated DCs, as well as reduced infiltrating Th1/Th17 cells were present in the central nervous system (CNS) of the URA-treated group. URA treatment at 25 μM inhibited the activation of BM-DCs <i>in vitro</i>, restrained Th17 cell differentiation in T cell polarization conditions, and in a DC-CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell co-culture system. Moreover, we confirmed URA inhibited pathogenicity of Th17 cells in adoptive EAE. Mechanism of URA action was directly targeting Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and modulating the signaling pathways.</p><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Collectively, our study offers new evidence that URA, as a human microbial metabolite, is valuable to use as a prospective therapeutic candidate for autoimmune diseases.</p>", "link": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(21)00020-7/fulltext", "published_date": "2021-01-31T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "The Lancet" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "EBioMedicine", "authors": [ { "author_id": 189876, "given_name": "Pei-Xin", "family_name": "Shen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-3654", "country": null }, { "author_id": 147207, "given_name": "Xing", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0742-1364", "country": null }, { "author_id": 264264, "given_name": "Si-Ying", "family_name": "Deng", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 256097, "given_name": "Li", "family_name": "Zhao", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 289338, "given_name": "Yan-Yan", "family_name": "Zhang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 289339, "given_name": "Xin", "family_name": "Deng", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 289340, "given_name": "Bing", "family_name": "Han", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 289341, "given_name": "Jie", "family_name": "Yu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 269411, "given_name": "Yin", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 289342, "given_name": "Zhe-Zhi", "family_name": "Wang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 147204, "given_name": "Yuan", "family_name": "Zhang", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-4599", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:22:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Urolithin A", "experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis", "aryl hydrocarbon receptor" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103227", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Urolithin A (URA) is an intestinal microbiota metabolic product from ellagitannin-containing foods with multiple biological activities . URA (25 mg/kg/d) suppressed disease progression at prevention, induction, and effector phases of preclinical EAE . Mechanism of URA action was directly targeting Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and modulating signaling pathways .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 309, "title": "Multiple sclerosis in 2020: un bon cru", "summary": "The landscape of multiple sclerosis is changing, with new insights on prognosis, the emergence of artificial intelligence in brain imaging, technological advances challenging knowledge on disease pathogenesis, and the identification of novel therapeutic pathways. However, 2020 will certainly be remembered for the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the possibility of an increased susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis has rapidly become an important question. Higher age, an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 6 or more, and obesity were identified as independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 in a French multicentre observational cohort.1 Whereas in this study, which included 347 patients, there was no significant association between disease-modifying treatment exposure and COVID-19 severity, some evidence is now emerging that therapies targeting CD20 might be linked to an increased risk of severe COVID-19, and several studies aiming to establish whether this is the case are ongoing. How to manage individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome—people with brain MRI scans compatible with CNS inflammation but without neurological symptoms—remains challenging because the long-term outcome after this diagnosis is unknown. The multicentre Radiologically Isolated Syndrome Consortium study,2 the largest and longest study to date, included 277 individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome. The cumulative probability of a clinical event at 10 years was 51·2%. Consistent with previous publications, young age and spinal cord lesions were identified as independent predictors of a first clinical event. The novelty here is the identification of two additional risk factors—the presence of oligoclonal bands or elevated IgG index in the CSF and infratentorial lesions—with a stepwise increase of risk associated with the number of factors (probability ranging from 29% for individuals with at least one risk factor to 87% for those with four risk factors). Nevertheless, in the absence of results from ongoing trials of potential disease-modifying drugs (TERIS [NCT03122652] and ARISE [NCT02739542]), there is no recommendation to treat individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome. Artificial intelligence has opened new avenues for medical imaging in general. In multiple sclerosis, one example is a deep learning approach applying convolutional neural networks,4 evaluating the possibility of predicting brain lesion activity without the need for contrast injection. In this study, conventional MRI data from 519 patients with a total of 1390 enhancing lesions were used to train and test network performance. Participants with enhancing lesions were classified with 70% accuracy. Similarly, a method proposed by Wei and colleages4 could offer an alternative to PET scanning to predict myelin content changes by using multisequence quantitative MRI. Myelin imaging with 11C-PIB PET allows quantification of myelin content changes in vivo, but is invasive, with injection of a radioactive tracer, and is poorly suited to multicentre studies. The deep learning approach used by Wei and colleagues4 allowed generation of synthetic images predicting myelin content changes in a longitudinal analysis of patients with multiple sclerosis. By providing MRI-based algorithms, deep learning methods are likely to modify, in the near future, the management of patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as the design of therapeutic studies. With regard to disease pathogenesis, single-cell RNA-sequencing methods have revealed heterogeneity in oligodendroglia, neurons, and microglia in healthy and multiple sclerosis tissue. In a single-cell genetic and epigenetic study, Wheeler and colleagues5 investigated the heterogeneity of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis tissue and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (a rodent model of multiple sclerosis); they identified a subpopulation of astrocytes characterised by decreased expression of the antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 and increased expression of the transcription factor MAFG, leading to repression of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory transcriptional programmes. Such pro-inflammatory astrocytes are detected within active white matter lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis. These results, which identify how astrocytes might contribute to inflammation and tissue damage, open perspectives for therapeutic candidates targeting neurotoxic astrocytic activity. Promoting neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis is a major challenge because irreversible disability is highly correlated with the accumulation of neuronal damage. Several trials of pro-remyelinating candidates are ongoing.6 In this context, negative results from the AFFINITY trial of the effect of opicinumab on disability in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis were released, ending the development of the anti-LINGO-1 strategy. Bexarotene to promote remyelination has also been trialled in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (EudraCT 2014-003145-99) and, although the primary efficacy outcome was reported to be negative and the drug was poorly tolerated, secondary outcomes suggest that it might promote myelin repair.7 With regard to direct neuroprotection, the negative results of the MS-SMART study were disappointing.8 This phase 2b, multi-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial aimed to evaluate three neuroprotective drugs (amiloride, fluoxetine, and riluzole) selected from searches of research in animal models and clinical trials. In the primary analysis of 393 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, none of the therapeutic groups showed an improvement in the primary outcome (volumetric MRI percentage brain volume change) from baseline to 96 weeks compared with placebo. However, despite this negative result, the study convincingly showed the value and feasibility of a multi-arm phase 2 trial designed to inform a go or no-go decision for phase 3 trials targeting neuroprotection. Finally, the results of a trial of masitinib (NCT01433497) to target innate immunity suggested a positive effect of the drug versus placebo on disability in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.9 Finally, exciting data on behavioural interventions from animal models are accumulating. In a study published earlier this year,10 live imaging methods were used to follow oligodendrocytes and individual myelin sheaths in murine demyelinated motor cortex to assess the effect of learning a motor task on remyelination. Training led to increased remyelination by both new and surviving oligodendrocytes—an important result in the debate on the identity of remyelinating cells in the adult CNS. This study not only strengthens the evidence on the role of neuronal activity in myelination, but also provides a convincing demonstration that timely behavioural intervention (after the onset of remyelination) accelerates functional recovery through enhanced remyelination. EM reports grants and personal fees from Biogen, Novartis, and Roche; and personal fees from Merck-Serono, Teva, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Ad Scientiam outside of the submitted work. CL reports grants and personal fees from Biogen; and personal fees from Merck-Serono, Roche, Rewind, and Ipsen outside of the submitted work.", "link": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(20)30441-5/fulltext", "published_date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "The Lancet" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "The Lancet Neurology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 143478, "given_name": "Elisabeth", "family_name": "Maillart", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-0328", "country": null }, { "author_id": 204624, "given_name": "Catherine", "family_name": "Lubetzki", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-3175", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:22:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Multiple sclerosis", "un bon cru" ], "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30441-5", "access": "open", "takeaways": "", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 324, "title": "CXCL13/CXCR5 signalling is pivotal to preserve motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis", "summary": "<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3><p>CXCL13 is a B and T lymphocyte chemokine that mediates neuroinflammation through its receptor CXCR5. This chemokine is highly expressed by motoneurons (MNs) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) SOD1G93A (mSOD1) mice during the disease, particularly in fast-progressing mice. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the role of this chemokine in ALS.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used i<i>n vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experimental paradigms derived from ALS mice and patients to investigate the expression level and distribution of CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and its role in MN death and disease progression. Moreover, we compared the levels of CXCL13 in the CSF and serum of ALS patients and controls.</p><h3>Findings</h3><p>CXCL13 and CXCR5 are overexpressed in the spinal MNs and peripheral axons in mSOD1 mice. CXCL13 inhibition in the CNS of ALS mice resulted in the exacerbation of motor impairment (<i>n</i> = 4/group;Mean_Diff.=27.81) and decrease survival (<i>n</i> = 14_Treated:19.2 ± 1.05wks, <i>n</i> = 17_Controls:20.2 ± 0.6wks; 95% CI: 0.4687–1.929). This was corroborated by evidence from primary spinal cultures where the inhibition or activation of CXCL13 exacerbated or prevented the MN loss. Besides, we found that CXCL13/CXCR5 axis is overexpressed in the spinal cord MNs of ALS patients, and CXCL13 levels in the CSF discriminate ALS (<i>n</i> = 30) from Multiple Sclerosis (<i>n</i> = 16) patients with a sensitivity of 97.56%.</p><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>We hypothesise that MNs activate CXCL13 signalling to attenuate CNS inflammation and prevent the neuromuscular denervation. The low levels of CXCL13 in the CSF of ALS patients might reflect the MN dysfunction, suggesting this chemokine as a potential clinical adjunct to discriminate ALS from other neurological diseases.</p><h3>Funding</h3><p>Vaccinex, Inc.; Regione Lombardia (TRANS-ALS)</p>", "link": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(20)30473-4/fulltext", "published_date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "The Lancet" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "eBioMedicine", "authors": [ { "author_id": 296303, "given_name": "Maria Chiara", "family_name": "Trolese", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296304, "given_name": "Alessandro", "family_name": "Mariani", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296305, "given_name": "Mineko", "family_name": "Terao", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296306, "given_name": "Massimiliano", "family_name": "de Paola", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296307, "given_name": "Paola", "family_name": "Fabbrizio", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296308, "given_name": "Francesca", "family_name": "Sironi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296309, "given_name": "Mami", "family_name": "Kurosaki", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 279271, "given_name": "Silvia", "family_name": "Bonanno", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296310, "given_name": "Stefania", "family_name": "Marcuzzo", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296311, "given_name": "Pia", "family_name": "Bernasconi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 148561, "given_name": "Francesca", "family_name": "Trojsi", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3790-8018", "country": "IT" }, { "author_id": 285586, "given_name": "Eleonora", "family_name": "Aronica", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 231097, "given_name": "Caterina", "family_name": "Bendotti", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-1271", "country": null }, { "author_id": 201495, "given_name": "Giovanni", "family_name": "Nardo", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1803-1484", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:22:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "CXCL13/CXCR5 signalling", "motor neurons", "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103097", "access": "open", "takeaways": " CXCL13 is a B and T lymphocyte chemokine that mediates neuroinflammation through its receptor CXCR5 . It is highly expressed by motoneurons (MNs) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) SOD1G93A (mSOD1) mice during the disease .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 317, "title": "Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: clinical management, MRI, and therapeutic avenues", "summary": "<h2>Summary</h2><p>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS. Cognitive impairment is a sometimes neglected, yet common, sign and symptom with a profound effect on instrumental activities of daily living. The prevalence of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis varies across the lifespan and might be difficult to distinguish from other causes in older age. MRI studies show that widespread changes to brain networks contribute to cognitive dysfunction, and grey matter atrophy is an early sign of potential future cognitive decline. Neuropsychological research suggests that cognitive processing speed and episodic memory are the most frequently affected cognitive domains. Narrowing evaluation to these core areas permits brief, routine assessment in the clinical setting. Owing to its brevity, reliability, and sensitivity, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, or its computer-based analogues, can be used to monitor episodes of acute disease activity. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test can also be used in clinical trials, and data increasingly show that cognitive processing speed and memory are amenable to cognitive training interventions.</p>", "link": "https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(20)30277-5/fulltext", "published_date": "2020-09-30T23:00:00Z", "sources": [ "The Lancet" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "The Lancet Neurology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 242082, "given_name": "Ralph H B", "family_name": "Benedict", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 147708, "given_name": "Maria Pia", "family_name": "Amato", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-3760", "country": "IT" }, { "author_id": 167316, "given_name": "John", "family_name": "DeLuca", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3745-4156", "country": "US" }, { "author_id": 193679, "given_name": "Jeroen J G", "family_name": "Geurts", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1896-3748", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:22:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Cognitive impairment", "multiple sclerosis", "clinical management", "MRI", "therapeutic avenues" ], "doi": "10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30277-5", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS . Neuropsychological research suggests that cognitive processing speed and episodic memory are the most frequently affected cognitive domains . Narrowing evaluation to these core areas permits brief, routine assessment in the clinical setting .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 291, "title": "Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with neurodegeneration and neurofilaments", "summary": "There is increasing evidence that neurofilament light chain (NF-L) can be considered as a biomarker for neuro-axonal damage. This polypeptide can be released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the blood, where it can be quantified. The concentration of NF-L is elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychiatric disorders. We aimed to investigate the NF-L levels in the CSF from treated MS patients and the relationship with depression or anxiety. The study involved three groups: control group (individuals without inflammation), the relapse-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)-untreated group, and the RRMS-Fingo group (RRMS patients who were treated with fingolimod). MS disability was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, and depression and anxiety were evaluated by a neuropsychologist, using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Individual CSF samples were collected to measure NF-L levels. The results of the statistical analysis on levels of NF-L in the CSF of control subjects, RRMS-untreated patients, and RRMS-Fingo patients were significant. The relationship between depression and anxiety in RRMS-Fingo patients and NF-L levels was not statistically significant. In conclusion, MS events such as anxiety and depression appear to contribute to the onset of clinical relapses, subclinical cases, and neurodegeneration.", "link": "http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2021000300602&lang=en", "published_date": "2021-01-15T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "FapUNIFESP (SciELO)", "container_title": "Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research", "authors": [ { "author_id": 223209, "given_name": "C.B.", "family_name": "Tauil", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1137-2398", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 223210, "given_name": "A.D.", "family_name": "Rocha-Lima", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4237", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 223211, "given_name": "B.B.", "family_name": "Ferrari", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2480-8405", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223212, "given_name": "F.M. da", "family_name": "Silva", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-6395", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 223213, "given_name": "L.A.", "family_name": "Machado", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1495-0296", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223214, "given_name": "C.", "family_name": "Ramari", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-5437", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 223215, "given_name": "C.O.", "family_name": "Brandão", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4898-5916", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 223216, "given_name": "L.M.B. dos", "family_name": "Santos", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-9205", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223217, "given_name": "L.L. dos", "family_name": "Santos-Neto", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-6111", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Depression and anxiety disorders", "patients", "multiple sclerosis", "association", "neurodegeneration", "neurofilaments" ], "doi": "10.1590/1414-431X202010428", "access": "open", "takeaways": " There is increasing evidence that neurofilament light chain (NF-L) can be considered as a biomarker for neuro-axonal damage . The concentration of NF-L is elevated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychiatric disorders .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 294, "title": "Differentiation of relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study based on machine learning", "summary": "Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important tool for diagnosis and follow-up in multiple sclerosis (MS). The discrimination of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) from secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is clinically difficult, and developing the proposal presented in this study would contribute to the process. Objective: This study aimed to ensure the automatic classification of healthy controls, RRMS, and SPMS by using MR spectroscopy and machine learning methods. Methods: MR spectroscopy (MRS) was performed on a total of 91 participants, distributed into healthy controls (n=30), RRMS (n=36), and SPMS (n=25). Firstly, MRS metabolites were identified using signal processing techniques. Secondly, feature extraction was performed based on MRS Spectra. N-acetylaspartate (NAA) was the most significant metabolite in differentiating MS types. Lastly, binary classifications (healthy controls-RRMS and RRMS-SPMS) were carried out according to features obtained by the Support Vector Machine algorithm. Results: RRMS cases were differentiated from healthy controls with 85% accuracy, 90.91% sensitivity, and 77.78% specificity. RRMS and SPMS were classified with 83.33% accuracy, 81.81% sensitivity, and 85.71% specificity. Conclusions: A combined analysis of MRS and computer-aided diagnosis may be useful as a complementary imaging technique to determine MS types. Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Machine Learning", "link": "http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2020001200789&lang=en", "published_date": "2020-12-14T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "FapUNIFESP (SciELO)", "container_title": "Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria", "authors": [ { "author_id": 186512, "given_name": "Ziya", "family_name": "EKŞİ", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8670-0873", "country": null }, { "author_id": 186513, "given_name": "Murat", "family_name": "ÇAKIROĞLU", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7672-5505", "country": null }, { "author_id": 186514, "given_name": "Cemil", "family_name": "ÖZ", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-6021", "country": null }, { "author_id": 186515, "given_name": "Ayse", "family_name": "ARALAŞMAK", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8654-855X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 186516, "given_name": "Hasan Hüseyin", "family_name": "KARADELİ", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-8247", "country": null }, { "author_id": 186517, "given_name": "Muhammed Emin", "family_name": "ÖZCAN", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-6391", "country": "TR" } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Differentiation", "relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis", "a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study", "machine learning" ], "doi": "10.1590/0004-282X20200094", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important tool for diagnosis and follow-up in multiple sclerosis . Discrimination of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) from secondary progressive MS (SPMS) is clinically difficult . This study aimed to ensure the automatic classification of healthy controls, RRMS, and SPMS by using MR spectroscopy and machine learning methods .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 298, "title": "The Modified Method of Luxol Fast Blue for Paraffin-Embedded Myelin Sheath Staining", "summary": "Histological techniques are the study of animal and human tissues through staining and examining them under a microscope. To demonstrate the axonal degeneration and demyelination in histological studies, the Luxol Fast Blue staining is gold standard techniques. In this study, a new histochemical method based on modified Luxol Fast Blue for the staining of the myelin sheath in sciatic nerve tissues described. The sciatic nerves of rats were removed and then the sciatic nerve was immersed in 10 % formaldehyde for one week and embedded in paraffin block. Next, thin sections (5 µm) were cut, using a microtome and stained with conventional and modified Luxol Fast Blue. Our results showed that a new method of modified Luxol Fast Blue staining can accurately identify the myelin in the sciatic nerve fibers. The current study showed that the Luxol Fast Blue combination with Light Green has a good effect on myelin coloration, and the results of this study are comparable to LFB combination with Sirius red.", "link": "http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000501197&lang=en", "published_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)", "container_title": "International Journal of Morphology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 291947, "given_name": "Ensieh", "family_name": "Sajadi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244894, "given_name": "Amir", "family_name": "Raoofi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 291948, "given_name": "Shabnam", "family_name": "Abdi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 291949, "given_name": "Hadi", "family_name": "Azimi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 291950, "given_name": "Mohammad-Amin", "family_name": "Abdollahifar", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "The Modified Method", "Luxol Fast Blue", "Paraffin-Embedded Myelin Sheath Staining" ], "doi": "10.4067/S0717-95022020000501197", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Histological techniques are the study of animal and human tissues through staining and examining them under a microscope . Luxol Fast Blue staining is gold standard techniques to demonstrate axonal degeneration and demyelination in histological studies .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 290, "title": "Ultrastructural Clarification of the Peripherally Located Actin Network in the Myelinated Axons", "summary": "Despite the existence of a large amount of actin in the axons, the concentration F-actin was quite low in the myelinated axons and almost all the F-actin were located in the peripheries of the myelinated axons. Until now, the ultrastructural localization of F-actin has still not been reported in the myelinated axons, probably due to the lack of an appropriate detection method. In the present study, a phalloidin-based FITC-anti-FITC technique was adopted to investigate the subcellular localization of F-actin in the myelinated axons. By using this technique, F-actin is located in the outer and inner collars of myelinated cytoplasm surrounding the intermodal axon, the Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, the paranodal terminal loops and the nodal microvilli. In addition, the satellite cell envelope, which encapsulates the axonal initial segment of the peripheral sensory neuron, was also demonstrated as an F-actin-enriched structure. This study provided a hitherto unreported ultrastructural view of the F-actin in the myelinated axons, which may assist in understanding the unique organization of axonal actin cytoskeleton.", "link": "https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022021000100179", "published_date": "2021-02-02T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)", "container_title": "International Journal of Morphology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 292587, "given_name": "Yue", "family_name": "Gui", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292588, "given_name": "Shuang", "family_name": "Wu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292589, "given_name": "Bai-Hong", "family_name": "Tan", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292590, "given_name": "Tian-Qing", "family_name": "Xiong", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292591, "given_name": "Yan-Chao", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Ultrastructural Clarification", "the Peripherally Located Actin Network", "the Myelinated Axons" ], "doi": "10.4067/S0717-95022021000100179", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Until now, the ultrastructural localization of F-actin has still not been reported in the myelinated axons . Despite the existence of a large amount of actin in the axons, the concentration of the actin was quite low . Almost all the F-actsin were located in the peripheries of the myelin axons. This study provided a hitherto unreported", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 293, "title": "Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in COVID-19: presentation of two cases and review of the literature", "summary": "Background: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are still incompletely understood. Neurological manifestations may be due to direct viral effect on neurons and glial cells, to an immune-mediated response to the virus, or to a hypercoagulable state and associated endothelial damage, as well as to severe systemic disease with prolonged intensive care unit stay. Objective: To describe two patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and delayed recovery of consciousness after sedation withdrawal, in whom MRI disclosed multifocal white matter brain lesions, compatible with the diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Methods: Observational report of two cases of severe COVID-19 infection in patients from two tertiary hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil. Results: These patients underwent neurologic and systemic evaluation for delayed awakening after sedation withdrawal. MRI displayed multifocal centrum semiovale lesions, suggestive of demyelinating inflammation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in both cases. Conclusion: A recurrent pattern of multifocal white matter lesions can occur in COVID-19 patients, possibly associated with delayed awakening. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the role of the viral infection and of inflammatory and immune-mediated associated changes in neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "link": "https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/MnxJ5F5m3tz7QcC6NWFf3gw/?lang=en", "published_date": "2020-12-07T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "FapUNIFESP (SciELO)", "container_title": "Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria", "authors": [ { "author_id": 211996, "given_name": "Cesar Castello Branco", "family_name": "Lopes", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-2553", "country": null }, { "author_id": 211997, "given_name": "Sonia Maria Dozzi", "family_name": "Brucki", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-6732", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 211998, "given_name": "Carlos Eduardo Borges", "family_name": "Passos Neto", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6350-188X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 211999, "given_name": "Luiza Alves", "family_name": "Corazza", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-7786", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212000, "given_name": "José Pedro Soares", "family_name": "Baima", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-1181", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212001, "given_name": "Matheus Dalben", "family_name": "Fiorentino", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2996-9451", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212002, "given_name": "João Fellipe Santos", "family_name": "Tatsch", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-5004", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 212003, "given_name": "Maria da Graça Morais", "family_name": "Martin", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-9146", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 212004, "given_name": "Leandro Tavares", "family_name": "Lucato", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-5245", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212005, "given_name": "Hélio Rodrigues", "family_name": "Gomes", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-0305", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212006, "given_name": "Maria Sheila Guimarães", "family_name": "Rocha", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-3994", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 212007, "given_name": "Ida", "family_name": "Fortini", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-340X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 172239, "given_name": "Ricardo", "family_name": "Nitrini", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-1525", "country": null }, { "author_id": 212008, "given_name": "Luiz H.", "family_name": "Castro", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-8548", "country": null } ], "relevant": false, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis", "presentation", "two cases", "review", "the literature" ], "doi": "10.1590/0004-282X20200186", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are still incompletely understood . Neurologic manifestations may be due to direct viral effect on neurons and glial cells, to an immune-mediated response to the virus, or to hypercoagulable state and associated endothelial damage .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 302, "title": "Telemedicine in neurology: current evidence", "summary": "Background: Telemedicine was first introduced in Neurology as a tool to facilitate access to acute stroke treatment. More recently, evidence has emerged of the use of telemedicine in several other areas of Neurology. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for social isolation, Brazilian authorities have expanded the regulation of the use of telemedicine, thus allowing the treatment of many patients with neurological diseases to be conducted with less risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination. Objective: This study aimed to critically review the current evidence of the use, efficacy, safety, and usefulness of telemedicine in Neurology. Methods: A review of PubMed indexed articles was carried out by searching for the terms “telemedicine AND”: “headache”, “multiple sclerosis”, “vestibular disorders”, “cerebrovascular diseases”, “epilepsy”, “neuromuscular diseases”, “dementia”, and “movement disorders”. The more relevant studies in each of these areas were critically analyzed. Results: Several articles were found and analyzed in each of these areas of Neurology. The main described contributions of telemedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of such neurological conditions were presented, indicating a great potential of use of this type of assistance in all these fields. Conclusion: Current evidence supports that teleneurology can be a tool to increase care for patients suffering from neurological diseases.", "link": "http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-282X2020001200818&lang=en", "published_date": "2020-12-07T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "Scielo" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "FapUNIFESP (SciELO)", "container_title": "Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria", "authors": [ { "author_id": 172235, "given_name": "Renan Barros", "family_name": "Domingues", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-7937", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 172236, "given_name": "Carlos Eduardo", "family_name": "Mantese", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8306-803X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 172237, "given_name": "Emanuelle da Silva", "family_name": "Aquino", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6178-5831", "country": null }, { "author_id": 172238, "given_name": "Francisca Goreth Malheiro Moraes", "family_name": "Fantini", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9632-6253", "country": null }, { "author_id": 166085, "given_name": "Gilmar Fernandes do", "family_name": "Prado", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-8198", "country": "BR" }, { "author_id": 172239, "given_name": "Ricardo", "family_name": "Nitrini", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-1525", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-06T11:06:13Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Telemedicine", "neurology", "current evidence" ], "doi": "10.1590/0004-282X20200131", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Telemedicine was first introduced in Neurology as a tool to facilitate access to acute stroke treatment . With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for social isolation, Brazilian authorities have expanded the regulation of the use of telemedics .", "categories": [] } ] }