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{ "count": 24837, "next": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2434", "previous": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2432", "results": [ { "article_id": 521, "title": "Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders", "summary": "<div><p>Brain. 2021 Mar 12:awab102. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab102. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG+NMOSD) is an autoimmune astrocytopathic disease pathologically characterized by the massive destruction and regeneration of astrocytes with diverse types of tissue injury with or without complement deposition. However, it is unknown whether this diversity is derived from differences in pathological processes or temporal changes. Furthermore, unlike for the demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis, there has been no staging of astrocytopathy in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD based on astrocyte morphology. Therefore, we classified astrocytopathy of the disease by comparing the characteristic features, such as AQP4 loss, inflammatory cell infiltration, complement deposition and demyelination activity, with the clinical phase. We performed histopathological analyses in eight autopsied cases of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD. There were six women and two men, with a median age of 56.5 years (range, 46-71 years) and a median disease duration of 62.5 months (range, 0.6-252 months). Astrocytopathy in AQP4-IgG+NMOSD was classified into the following four stages defined by the astrocyte morphology and immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): (a) astrocyte lysis: Extensive loss of astrocytes with fragmented and/or dust-like particles; (b) progenitor recruitment: Loss of astrocytes except small nucleated cells with GFAP-positive fibre-forming foot processes; (c) protoplasmic gliosis: Presence of star-shaped astrocytes with abundant GFAP-reactive cytoplasm; and (d) fibrous gliosis: Lesions composed of densely packed mature astrocytes. The astrocyte lysis and progenitor recruitment stages dominated in clinically acute cases (within 2 months after the last recurrence). Findings common to both stages were the loss of AQP4, a decreased number of oligodendrocytes, the selective loss of myelin-associated glycoprotein and active demyelination with phagocytic macrophages. The infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells and T cells (CD4-dominant) and the deposition of activated complement (C9neo), which reflects the membrane attack complex, a hallmark of acute NMOSD lesions, were selectively observed in the astrocyte lysis stage (98.4% in astrocyte lysis, 1.6% in progenitor recruitment, and 0% in protoplasmic gliosis and fibrous gliosis). Although most of the protoplasmic gliosis and fibrous gliosis lesions were accompanied by inactive demyelinated lesions with a low amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the deposition of complement degradation product (C3d) was observed in all four stages, even in fibrous gliosis lesions, suggesting the past or chronic occurrence of complement activation, which is a useful finding to distinguish chronic lesions in NMOSD from those in multiple sclerosis. Our staging of astrocytopathy is expected to be useful for understanding the unique temporal pathology of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33711152/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312195920&v=2.14.3\">33711152</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab102\">10.1093/brain/awab102</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33711152/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-09-03T23:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)", "container_title": "Brain", "authors": [ { "author_id": 241749, "given_name": "Yoshiki", "family_name": "Takai", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 230358, "given_name": "Tatsuro", "family_name": "Misu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-2578", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244097, "given_name": "Hiroyoshi", "family_name": "Suzuki", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 241744, "given_name": "Toshiyuki", "family_name": "Takahashi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244098, "given_name": "Hiromi", "family_name": "Okada", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244099, "given_name": "Shinya", "family_name": "Tanaka", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244100, "given_name": "Kenji", "family_name": "Okita", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244101, "given_name": "Shunichi", "family_name": "Sasou", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244102, "given_name": "Mika", "family_name": "Watanabe", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244103, "given_name": "Chihiro", "family_name": "Namatame", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244106, "given_name": "Hirohiko", "family_name": "Ono", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243805, "given_name": "Kimihiko", "family_name": "Kaneko", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 241751, "given_name": "Shuhei", "family_name": "Nishiyama", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244110, "given_name": "Hiroshi", "family_name": "Kuroda", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 150220, "given_name": "Ichiro", "family_name": "Nakashima", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-8948", "country": "JP" }, { "author_id": 160015, "given_name": "Hans", "family_name": "Lassmann", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8617-5052", "country": null }, { "author_id": 241745, "given_name": "Kazuo", "family_name": "Fujihara", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244115, "given_name": "Yasuto", "family_name": "Itoyama", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 241757, "given_name": "Masashi", "family_name": "Aoki", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 332586, "given_name": "Yuki", "family_name": "Matsumoto", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-8105", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-13T00:59:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Staging", "astrocytopathy and complement activation", "neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders" ], "doi": "10.1093/brain/awab102", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Histopathological analyses in eight autopsied cases of AQP4-IgG+NMOSD . The astrocytopathy of the disease was classified into four stages .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 523, "title": "Pathology-supported genetic testing as a method for disability prevention in multiple sclerosis (MS). Part II. Insights from two MS cases", "summary": "<div><p>Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00712-9. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">In Part I of this Review we evaluated the scientific evidence for a Metabolic Model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Part II outlines the implementation of an adaptive pathology-supported genetic testing (PSGT) algorithm aimed at preventing/reversing disability in two illustrative MS cases, starting with a questionnaire-based risk assessment, including family history and lifestyle factors. Measurement of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, cholesterol and homocysteine levels identified biochemical deficits in both cases. Case 1, after following the PSGT program for 15 years, had an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of 2.0 (no neurological sequelae) together with preserved brain volume on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A novel form of iron deficiency was identified in Case 1, as biochemical testing at each hospital submission due to MS symptoms showed low serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation, while hematological status and erythrocyte sedimentation rate measurement of systemic inflammation remained normal. Case 2 was unable to walk unaided until her EDSS improved from 6.5 to 4.0 over 12 months after implementation of the PSGT program, with amelioration of her suboptimal biochemical markers and changes to her diet and lifestyle, allowing her to regain independence. Genotype-phenotype correlation using a pathway panel of functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to facilitate clinical interpretation of whole exome sequencing (WES), elucidated the underlying metabolic pathways related to the biochemical deficits. A cure for MS will remain an elusive goal if separated from nutritional support required for production and maintenance of myelin, which can only be achieved by a lifelong investment in wellness.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33710528/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312195920&v=2.14.3\">33710528</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-021-00712-9\">10.1007/s11011-021-00712-9</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33710528/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-08T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Metabolic Brain Disease", "authors": [ { "author_id": 329353, "given_name": "Clint", "family_name": "Johannes", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4358-9495", "country": "ZA" }, { "author_id": 329354, "given_name": "Mariaan", "family_name": "Jaftha", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2929-0972", "country": null }, { "author_id": 174461, "given_name": "Susan J.", "family_name": "van Rensburg", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-8978", "country": null }, { "author_id": 252267, "given_name": "Coenraad", "family_name": "Hattingh", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 174464, "given_name": "Kelebogile E.", "family_name": "Moremi", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-1578", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223783, "given_name": "Armand V.", "family_name": "Peeters", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-8226", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223784, "given_name": "Carel J.", "family_name": "van Heerden", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1786-7527", "country": "ZA" }, { "author_id": 174463, "given_name": "Rajiv T.", "family_name": "Erasmus", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-4215", "country": null }, { "author_id": 223785, "given_name": "Annalise E.", "family_name": "Zemlin", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-4679", "country": null }, { "author_id": 174465, "given_name": "Merlisa C.", "family_name": "Kemp", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-6982", "country": null }, { "author_id": 252270, "given_name": "Aye Aye", "family_name": "Khine", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 252271, "given_name": "Felix C.V.", "family_name": "Potocnik", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 252272, "given_name": "Lindiwe", "family_name": "Whati", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 174466, "given_name": "Penelope", "family_name": "Engel-Hills", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-769X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 174462, "given_name": "Ronald", "family_name": "van Toorn", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-065X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 174467, "given_name": "Maritha J.", "family_name": "Kotze", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6050-2876", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-13T00:59:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Pathology-supported genetic testing", "a method", "disability prevention", "multiple sclerosis", "MS", "Part II", "Insights", "two MS cases" ], "doi": "10.1007/s11011-021-00712-9", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Measurement of iron, vitamin B12, vitamin D, cholesterol and homocysteine levels identified biochemical deficits in both cases . Case 1 had an expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of 2.0 (no neurological sequelae) Case 2 was unable to walk unaided until her EDSS improved from 6.5 to 4.0 over 12 months after implementation of the PSGT program .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 519, "title": "Isolated thoracic intramedullary Erdheim-Chester disease presenting with paraplegia: a case report and literature review", "summary": "Background: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, idiopathic, systemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving long bone and visceral organs. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is uncommon and most cases develop as a part of systemic disease. We present a rare case of variant ECD as an isolated intramedullary tumor.Case presentationA 75-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension presented with sudden-onset flaccid paraparesis for 1 day. Neurological examination revealed grade 2–3 weakness in both legs, decreased deep tendon reflex, loss of anal tone, and numbness below T4. Leg weakness deteriorated to G1 before surgery. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) showed an intramedullary mass lesion at T2-T4 with no systemic lesion, which was heterogeneous enhancement pattern with cord swelling and edema from C7 to T6. Gross total removal was achieved for the white-gray-colored and soft-natured intramedullary mass lesion with an ill-defined boundary. Histological finding revealed benign histiocytic proliferation with foamy histiocytes and uniform nuclei. We concluded it as an isolated intramedullary ECD. The patient showed self-standing and walkable at 18-month with no evidence of recurrence and new lesion on spine MRI and whole-body FDG-PET/CT until sudden occurrence of unknown originated thoracic cord infarction.ConclusionsWe experienced an extremely rare case of isolated intramedullary ECD, which was controlled by surgical resection with no adjuvant therapy. Histological examination is the most important for final diagnosis, and careful serial follow-up after surgical resection is required to identify the recurrence and progression to systemic disease.", "link": "https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-021-04061-7", "published_date": "2021-03-12T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "BioMedCentral" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders", "authors": [ { "author_id": 244086, "given_name": "Ikchan", "family_name": "Jeon", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244087, "given_name": "Joon Hyuk", "family_name": "Choi", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T19:59:51Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Isolated thoracic intramedullary Erdheim-Chester disease", "paraplegia", "a case report", "literature review" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12891-021-04061-7", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, idiopathic, systemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis involving long bone and visceral organs . 75-year-old female patient with a medical history of diabetes and hypertension presented with sudden-onset flaccid paraparesis for 1 day . Neurological examination revealed grade 2–3 weakness in both legs, decreased deep tendon reflex, loss of anal tone, and numbness below T4 . MRI and FDG-PET/CT showed intramedullary mass lesion at T2-", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 518, "title": "Identification of lncRNAs associated with the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis", "summary": "Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the sacroiliac joint. To date, few studies have examined the association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and AS pathogenesis. As such, we herein sought to characterize patterns of AS-related lncRNA expression and to evaluate the potential role played by these lncRNAs in this complex autoimmune context.MethodsWe conducted a RNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples isolated from five AS patients and corresponding controls. These data were then leveraged to characterize AS-related lncRNA expression patterns. We further conducted GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the parental genes encoding these lncRNAs, and we confirmed the validity of our RNA-seq data by assessing the expression of six lncRNAs via qRT-PCR in 15 AS and control patient samples. Pearson correlation analyses were additionally employed to examine the associations between the expression levels of these six lncRNAs and patient clinical index values.ResultsWe detected 56,575 total lncRNAs in AS and control patient samples during our initial RNA-seq analysis, of which 200 and 70 were found to be up- and down-regulated (FC > 2 or < 0.05; P < 0.05), respectively, in AS samples relative to controls. In qRT-PCR validation assays, we confirmed the significant upregulation of NONHSAT118801.2, ENST00000444046, and NONHSAT183847.1 and the significant downregulation of NONHSAT205110.1, NONHSAT105444.2, and NONHSAT051856.2 in AS patient samples. We further found the expression of NONHSAT118801.2 and NONHSAT183847.1 to be positively correlated with disease severity.ConclusionOverall, our findings highlight several lncRNAs that are specifically expressed in PBMCs of AS patients, indicating that they may play key functions in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. Specifically, we determined that NONHSAT118801.2 and NONHSAT183847.1 may influence the occurrence and development of AS.", "link": "https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-021-04119-6", "published_date": "2021-03-12T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "BioMedCentral" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders", "authors": [ { "author_id": 296099, "given_name": "Dan", "family_name": "Huang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 201020, "given_name": "Jian", "family_name": "Liu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-7553", "country": null }, { "author_id": 296100, "given_name": "Lei", "family_name": "Wan", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296101, "given_name": "Yanyan", "family_name": "Fang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296102, "given_name": "Yan", "family_name": "Long", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 248014, "given_name": "Ying", "family_name": "Zhang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296103, "given_name": "Bingxi", "family_name": "Bao", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T19:59:51Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Identification", "lncRNAs", "the pathogenesis", "ankylosing spondylitis" ], "doi": "10.1186/s12891-021-04119-6", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the sacroiliac joint . Few studies have examined the association between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and AS pathogenesis .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 504, "title": "Use of disease-modifying drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding", "summary": "<div><p>Curr Opin Neurol. 2021 Mar 11. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000922. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) predominantly affects women has been recognized for many years. As the age at diagnosis is decreasing, and treatment options are becoming more complex, increasing numbers of women are facing decisions about the use of disease modifying therapy (DMT) in and around pregnancy.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RECENT FINDINGS: New data are rapidly becoming available, particularly regarding the safety of therapies in both pregnancy and breastfeeding. Effective treatment and suppression of relapses is key to ensuring good outcomes in the longer term for the woman, however this must be balanced against individual risk of relapse and risks to the fetus. Women should be advised that it is possible to breastfeed while taking selected DMT.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">SUMMARY: In this review, we discuss evidence surrounding the safety of DMTs in both pregnancy and breastfeeding, and use this knowledge to suggest approaches to pregnancy and family planning in women with MS.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709977/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33709977</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000922\">10.1097/WCO.0000000000000922</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709977/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-05-31T23:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)", "container_title": "Current Opinion in Neurology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 147687, "given_name": "Ruth", "family_name": "Dobson", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-585X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 167426, "given_name": "Kerstin", "family_name": "Hellwig", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4467-9011", "country": "DE" } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Use", "disease-modifying drugs", "pregnancy", "breastfeeding" ], "doi": "10.1097/WCO.0000000000000922", "access": "open", "takeaways": " The fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) predominantly affects women has been recognized for many years . Increasing numbers of women are facing decisions about the use of disease modifying therapy (DMT) in and around pregnancy .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 507, "title": "The Vagus Nerve Somatosensory-evoked Potential in Neural Disorders: Systematic Review and Illustrative Vignettes", "summary": "<div><p>Clin EEG Neurosci. 2021 Mar 12:15500594211001221. doi: 10.1177/15500594211001221. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><i>Objective.</i> To review the scientific publications reporting vagal nerve somatosensory-evoked potential (VSEP) findings from individuals with brain disorders, and present novel physiological explanations on the VSEP origin. <i>Methods.</i> We did a systematic review on the papers reporting VSEP findings from individuals with brain disorders and their controls. We evaluated papers published from 2003 to date indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scielo databases. We extracted the following information: number of patients and controls, type of neural disorder, age, gender, stimulating/recording and grounding electrodes as well as stimulus side, intensity, duration, frequency, and polarity. Information about physiological parameters, neurobiological variables, and correlation studies was also reviewed. Representative vignettes were included to add support to our conclusions. <i>Results.</i> The VSEP was studied in 297 patients with neural disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, subjective memory impairment, major depression, and multiple sclerosis. Scalp responses marked as the VSEP showed high variability, low validity, and poor reproducibility. VSEP latencies and amplitudes did not correlate with disease duration, unified PD rating scale score, or heart function in PD patients nor with cerebrospinal fluid β amyloid, phosphor-τ, and cognitive tests from patients with mental disorders. Vignettes demonstrated that the VSEP was volume conduction propagating from muscles surrounding the scalp recording electrodes. <i>Conclusion.</i> The VSEP is not a brain-evoked potential of neural origin but muscle activity induced by electrical stimulation of the tragus region of the ear. This review and illustrative vignettes argue against assessing the parasympathetic system using the so-called VSEP.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709798/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33709798</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/15500594211001221\">10.1177/15500594211001221</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709798/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-12-19T00:25:48.585000Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Clinical EEG and Neuroscience", "authors": [ { "author_id": 244056, "given_name": "Juan S.", "family_name": "Leon-Ariza", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244058, "given_name": "Mario A.", "family_name": "Mosquera", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244059, "given_name": "Vitaly", "family_name": "Siomin", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244060, "given_name": "Angelo", "family_name": "Fonseca", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244062, "given_name": "Daniel S.", "family_name": "Leon-Ariza", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244064, "given_name": "Mayra A.", "family_name": "Gualdron", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 152017, "given_name": "Fidias E.", "family_name": "Leon-Sarmiento", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0712-2097", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "The Vagus Nerve Somatosensory-evoked Potential", "Neural Disorders", "Systematic Review", "Illustrative Vignettes" ], "doi": "10.1177/15500594211001221", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Review of papers reporting vagal nerve somatosensory-evoked potential (VSEP) findings from individuals with brain disorders and their controls . VSEP latencies and amplitudes did not correlate with disease duration, unified PD rating scale score, or heart function in PD patients nor with cerebrospinal fluid β amyloid, phosphor-τ .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 514, "title": "Vitamin D status and disability among patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "summary": "<div><p>AIMS Neurosci. 2021 Feb 5;8(2):239-253. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2021013. eCollection 2021.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Association between the serum vitamin D level and disability of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated during several researches. However, these studies reported different results. The current study aims to estimate the correlation between the concentrations of 25 (OH) vitamin D and the level of disability among MS patients. Using Mesh and non-Mesh terms related to MS, disability level and vitamin D, different data banks were searched. Required information was extracted from the selected eligible primary articles. Stata version 11 software was applied for combining the primary correlation coefficients using random effect model. The effect of MS type and patients' age was assessed using meta-regression models. Sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the role of each primary study in the pooled estimate. Egger test was applied to find any publication bias. Of 14 eligible studies, the total correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) between 25 (OH) vitamin D level and disability in both sexes as well as among female was estimated as of -0.29 (-0.40, -0.17) and -0.35 (-0.46, -0.24) respectively. Two articles carried out among male did not report significant results. Our meta-analysis showed a significant negative correlation between 25 (OH) vitamin D level and disability of MS patients so that the disability reduces with increasing the 25 (OH) vitamin D level.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709027/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33709027</a> | PMC:<a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC7940116/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">PMC7940116</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2021013\">10.3934/Neuroscience.2021013</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709027/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-02-05T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)", "container_title": "AIMS Neuroscience", "authors": [ { "author_id": 261344, "given_name": "Mahmood", "family_name": "Moosazadeh", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 288397, "given_name": "Fatemeh", "family_name": "Nabinezhad-Male", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 288398, "given_name": "Mahdi", "family_name": "Afshari", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 288399, "given_name": "Mohammad Mehdi", "family_name": "Nasehi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 220146, "given_name": "Mohammad", "family_name": "Shabani", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2082-5849", "country": "IR" }, { "author_id": 288400, "given_name": "Motahareh", "family_name": "Kheradmand", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 288401, "given_name": "Iraj", "family_name": "Aghaei", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Vitamin D status", "disability", "patients", "multiple sclerosis", "a systematic review", "meta-analysis" ], "doi": "10.3934/Neuroscience.2021013", "access": "open", "takeaways": " AIMS Neurosci. 2021 Feb 5;8(2:239-253. eCollection 2021. PMC:PMC7940116 | DOI:10.3934/Neuroscience.2021013.", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 513, "title": "Multi-phaseted problems of TDP-43 in selective neuronal vulnerability in ALS", "summary": "<div><p>Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Mar 11. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03792-z. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) encoded by the TARDBP gene is an evolutionarily conserved heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) that regulates multiple steps of RNA metabolism, and its cytoplasmic aggregation characterizes degenerating motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In most ALS cases, cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregation occurs in the absence of mutations in the coding sequence of TARDBP. Thus, a major challenge in ALS research is to understand the nature of pathological changes occurring in wild-type TDP-43 and to explore upstream events in intracellular and extracellular milieu that promote the pathological transition of TDP-43. Despite the inherent obstacles to analyzing TDP-43 dynamics in in vivo motor neurons due to their anatomical complexity and inaccessibility, recent studies using cellular and animal models have provided important mechanistic insights into potential links between TDP-43 and motor neuron vulnerability in ALS. This review is intended to provide an overview of the current literature on the function and regulation of TDP-43-containing RNP granules or membraneless organelles, as revealed by various models, and to discuss the potential mechanisms by which TDP-43 can cause selective vulnerability of motor neurons in ALS.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709256/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33709256</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03792-z\">10.1007/s00018-021-03792-z</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33709256/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-05T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences", "authors": [ { "author_id": 197525, "given_name": "Kazuhide", "family_name": "Asakawa", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-1176", "country": null }, { "author_id": 197526, "given_name": "Hiroshi", "family_name": "Handa", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6656-9521", "country": null }, { "author_id": 197527, "given_name": "Koichi", "family_name": "Kawakami", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-1435", "country": "JP" } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Multi-phaseted problems", "TDP-43", "selective neuronal vulnerability", "ALS" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00018-021-03792-z", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Recent studies using cellular and animal models have provided important mechanistic insights into potential links between TDP-43 and motor neuron vulnerability in ALS . This review is intended to provide an overview of the current literature on the function and regulation of the protein .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 510, "title": "Quality of life in multiple sclerosis: The differential impact of motor and cognitive fatigue", "summary": "<div><p>Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2021 Feb 24;7(1):2055217321996040. doi: 10.1177/2055217321996040. eCollection 2021 Jan-Mar.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease leading to reduced quality of life.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether motor and cognitive fatigue impact differently on aspects of quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis, independently from bodily disability.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHODS: 79 patients with multiple sclerosis from Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark were included in an observational, cross-sectional study. Each subject completed two separate questionnaires regarding fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale) and one regarding quality of life (Short Form 36). Disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)-scores obtained from patient records.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: All fatigue scores were significantly correlated to all areas of quality of life (p < 0,05). This remained significant after adjustment for age, disease duration and EDSS-score. When looking at each type of fatigue separately, cognitive fatigue correlated mainly with mental health aspects of quality of life and motor fatigue with physical health areas of quality of life.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSION: Increased motor and cognitive fatigue lead to a differential reduction in physical and mental quality of life, independently of bodily disability. This underlines the importance of proper assessment and treatment of fatigue among patients with multiple sclerosis.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708414/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33708414</a> | PMC:<a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC7907948/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">PMC7907948</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/2055217321996040\">10.1177/2055217321996040</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708414/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-02-24T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical", "authors": [ { "author_id": 186745, "given_name": "Sabina", "family_name": "David Ruban", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-5430", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244031, "given_name": "Claudia", "family_name": "Christina Hilt", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 227435, "given_name": "Thor", "family_name": "Petersen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-2600", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Quality", "life", "multiple sclerosis", "The differential impact", "motor and cognitive fatigue" ], "doi": "10.1177/2055217321996040", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Motor and cognitive fatigue impact differently on aspects of quality of life among patients with multiple sclerosis, independently from bodily disability . This underlines the importance of proper assessment and treatment of fatigue among patients .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 511, "title": "The prevalence of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis in a large tertiary hospital in Australia", "summary": "<div><p>Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2021 Feb 24;7(1):2055217321989767. doi: 10.1177/2055217321989767. eCollection 2021 Jan-Mar.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RATIONALE: To determine the prevalence of epileptic seizures in multiple sclerosis (MS) at an Australian tertiary hospital and to define their clinical features.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHODS: We retrospectively analysed adult patients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital electronically identified to have ICD codes for MS and seizures and/or epilepsy between 1996 to 2019, utilising paper and electronic-based records.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: Of the 2,125 MS patients identified, 16 (0.75%) experienced epileptic seizures during a mean follow-up period of 12.9 years. Median age of MS diagnosis (SD) was 38 (9.3) years. Four patients had relapsing remitting MS (25%), 10 secondary progressive MS (63.5%), and 2 primary progressive MS (12.5%). More than two-thirds of patients had seizure onset following the diagnosis of MS, and the majority of these had advanced disease (approximate EDSS >6) at the time of seizure onset. Focal onset-seizures occurred in 87.5% of patients with seizures.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSION: The estimated prevalence of seizures in our cohort was lower than in previous studies (0.75 vs 2-4%). In most cases, seizures occurred after the diagnosis of MS in the context of advanced disease. Further studies are required to determine if MS disease modifying treatments reduce the risk of seizures in this cohort.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708413/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">33708413</a> | PMC:<a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC7907940/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210312131920&v=2.14.3\">PMC7907940</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1177/2055217321989767\">10.1177/2055217321989767</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33708413/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-02-24T00:00:00Z", "sources": [ "PubMed" ], "teams": [ { "id": 1, "name": "Team Gregory" } ], "subjects": [ { "subject_name": "Multiple Sclerosis", "description": null } ], "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical", "authors": [ { "author_id": 244013, "given_name": "Suyi", "family_name": "Ooi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 160181, "given_name": "Tomas", "family_name": "Kalincik", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-1376", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244014, "given_name": "Piero", "family_name": "Perucca", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 179903, "given_name": "Mastura", "family_name": "Monif", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6404-9768", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-12T18:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "The prevalence", "epileptic seizures", "multiple sclerosis", "a large tertiary hospital", "Australia" ], "doi": "10.1177/2055217321989767", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Of the 2,125 MS patients identified, 16 experienced epileptic seizures during a mean follow-up period of 12.9 years . Median age of MS diagnosis (SD) was 38 (9.3) years . Focal onset-seizures occurred in 87.5% of patients with seizures .", "categories": [] } ] }