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{ "count": 24465, "next": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2395", "previous": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=2393", "results": [ { "article_id": 540, "title": "Sex Differences in Neurodegeneration: The Role of the Immune System in Humans", "summary": "<div><p>Biol Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 8:S0006-3223(21)00039-1. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.002. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Growing evidence supports significant involvement of immune dysfunction in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases, several of which also display prominent sex differences across prevalence, pathology, and symptomology. In this review, we summarize evidence from human studies of established and recent findings of sex differences in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and discuss how sex-specific central nervous system innate immune activity could contribute to downstream sex differences in these diseases. We examine human genomic and transcriptomics studies in each neurodegenerative disease through the lens of sex differences in the neuroimmune system and highlight the importance of stratifying sex in clinical and translational research studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the existing studies and outline recommendations for further advancing sex-based analyses to uncover novel disease mechanisms that could ultimately help treat both sexes.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715827/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315081920&v=2.14.3\">33715827</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.002\">10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.002</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715827/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Biological Psychiatry", "authors": [ { "author_id": 244325, "given_name": "Chloe", "family_name": "Lopez-Lee", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244326, "given_name": "Lay", "family_name": "Kodama", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 174355, "given_name": "Li", "family_name": "Gan", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-3005", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T12:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Sex Differences", "Neurodegeneration", "The Role", "the Immune System", "Humans" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.01.002", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Evidence supports significant involvement of immune dysfunction in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases . Sex-specific central nervous system innate immune activity could contribute to downstream sex differences in these diseases . We highlight the importance of stratifying sex in clinical and translational research studies .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 541, "title": "Lipid rafts and neurodegeneration: structural and functional roles in physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases: Thematic Review Series: Biology of Lipid Rafts", "summary": "<div><p>J Lipid Res. 2020 May;61(5):636-654. doi: 10.1194/jlr.TR119000427. Epub 2020 Nov 7.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Lipid rafts are small, dynamic membrane areas characterized by the clustering of selected membrane lipids as the result of the spontaneous separation of glycolipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol in a liquid-ordered phase. The exact dynamics underlying phase separation of membrane lipids in the complex biological membranes are still not fully understood. Nevertheless, alterations in the membrane lipid composition affect the lateral organization of molecules belonging to lipid rafts. Neural lipid rafts are found in brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and are characterized by a high enrichment of specific lipids depending on the cell type. These lipid rafts seem to organize and determine the function of multiprotein complexes involved in several aspects of signal transduction, thus regulating the homeostasis of the brain. The progressive decline of brain performance along with physiological aging is at least in part associated with alterations in the composition and structure of neural lipid rafts. In addition, neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism, which in turn affects the structure of lipid rafts. Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts. Thus, the structure and function of lipid rafts play a central role in the pathogenesis of many common neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715812/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315081920&v=2.14.3\">33715812</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.TR119000427\">10.1194/jlr.TR119000427</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715812/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2020-01-05T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Journal of Lipid Research", "authors": [ { "author_id": 182433, "given_name": "Sara", "family_name": "Grassi", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-9982", "country": "IT" }, { "author_id": 294585, "given_name": "Paola", "family_name": "Giussani", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 281797, "given_name": "Laura", "family_name": "Mauri", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 281796, "given_name": "Simona", "family_name": "Prioni", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 294586, "given_name": "Sandro", "family_name": "Sonnino", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 182441, "given_name": "Alessandro", "family_name": "Prinetti", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-2593", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T12:19:22Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Lipid rafts", "neurodegeneration", "structural and functional roles", "physiologic aging and neurodegenerative diseases", "Thematic Review Series", "Biology", "Lipid Rafts" ], "doi": "10.1194/jlr.TR119000427", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Neurodegenerative conditions, such as lysosomal storage disorders, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's diseases, are frequently characterized by dysregulated lipid metabolism . Several events underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases appear to depend on the altered composition of lipid rafts .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 536, "title": "Real-world retrospective study of effectiveness and safety of FINgOlimod in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis in the Middle East and North Africa (FINOMENA)", "summary": "<div><p>Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021 Feb 25;203:106576. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106576. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">OBJECTIVES: Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in real-world clinical practice in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in real-world setting in the MENA region.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PATIENTS AND METHODS: RRMS patients who had been treated with fingolimod for at least 12 months were retrospectively identified from the databases of 34 centers across the MENA region. Study outcomes included the annualized relapse rate (ARR), relapse-free rate (RFR), time to first and second relapses, mean change in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), proportion of patients with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) activity and no evidence of disease activity (NEDA)-3, retention of patients on treatment, as well as all safety measures.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: A total of 806 patients were included: 66.34 % female; mean age 32.97 ± 9.62 years; mean disease duration 4.92 ± 4.66 years; mean fingolimod use 37.2 ± 16.7 months. Most patients had received previous disease-modifying therapy (79.65 %). Compared to the year preceding fingolimod initiation, RFR improved (33.00%-86.35%; p < 0.001), ARR decreased (0.84 ± 0.73 to 0.16 ± 0.45; p = 0.005), EDSS decreased (2.69 ± 1.74-2.01 ± 1.66; p < 0.001), and the proportion of patients with Gadolinium-enhancing T1 lesions decreased (57.84 % to 12.93 %; p < 0.001), after 12 months of fingolimod treatment. NEDA-3 was achieved in 41.3 % of patients. Median time to first and second relapses was not reached since 86.35 % and 98.39 % of patients had not experienced relapses for the first time and second time, respectively. Eight-hundred one (99.38 %) patients continued fingolimod treatment beyond 12 months. One-hundred thirty patients (16.13 %) experienced adverse events, mainly lymphopenia (5.46 %) and leukopenia (2.11 %), while 13 patients (1.61 %) experienced serious adverse events.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSION: This study confirms the effectiveness and safety profile of fingolimod in real-world setting in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714799/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315015920&v=2.14.3\">33714799</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106576\">10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106576</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714799/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-04T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery", "authors": [ { "author_id": 157717, "given_name": "Raed", "family_name": "Alroughani", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5436-5804", "country": null }, { "author_id": 301441, "given_name": "Zuhair", "family_name": "AlKawi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 237167, "given_name": "Ahmed", "family_name": "Hassan", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 253403, "given_name": "Hessa", "family_name": "Al Otaibi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 301442, "given_name": "Ahmed", "family_name": "Mujtaba", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 301443, "given_name": "Rami", "family_name": "Al Atat", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 254582, "given_name": "Naji", "family_name": "Riachi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 301444, "given_name": "Nabil", "family_name": "Akkawi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 260684, "given_name": "Salam", "family_name": "Koussa", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 157718, "given_name": "Jihad", "family_name": "Inshasi", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5892-751X", "country": "AE" }, { "author_id": 251569, "given_name": "Taoufik", "family_name": "Alsaadi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 169055, "given_name": "Samar Farouk", "family_name": "Ahmed", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-9219", "country": "KW" }, { "author_id": 212065, "given_name": "Abdullah", "family_name": "Al-Aasmi", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-8157", "country": null }, { "author_id": 250279, "given_name": "Magd", "family_name": "Zakaria", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 301445, "given_name": "Haitham", "family_name": "El Fadally", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T05:59:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Real-world retrospective study", "effectiveness", "safety", "FINgOlimod", "multiple sclerosis", "the Middle East", "North Africa", "FINOMENA" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106576", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of fingolimod in real-world clinical practice in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region is limited .", "categories": [ { "category_id": 1, "category_description": "Fingolimod, also known as Gilenya is a type of medicine known as a ‘disease-modifying therapy’ that is used to treat adults and children over 10 years of age with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of the nerves in which inflammation destroys the protective sheath surrounding the nerve cells. ‘Relapsing-remitting’ means that the patient has flare-ups of symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of recovery (remissions). Gilenya is used when the disease remains active despite appropriate treatment with at least one other disease-modifying therapy, or is severe and getting worse rapidly.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gilenya", "category_name": "Fingolimod", "category_slug": "fingolimod", "category_terms": [ "fingolimod", "gilenya" ], "article_count": 259 } ] }, { "article_id": 537, "title": "Familial coexistence of demyelinating diseases and familial Mediterranean fever", "summary": "<div><p>Rheumatol Int. 2021 Mar 13. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04821-7. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever and serositis attacks caused by mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene encoding the pyrin gene. Gain of the function mutations of the pyrin gene lead to stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Persistent pro-inflammatory situation in the course of FMF may play a role in the development of some other inflammatory diseases such as Behcet's disease, psoriasis, and vasculitis. Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a demyelinating disorder, is also more commonly seen in FMF patients compared to the general population. There are scarcely any research reporting that these two diseases coexist in more than one person in the same family. We have discovered cases of FMF and demyelinating disorders in five members of two different families. Besides the two families we are reporting, there are only four other families reported so far. Having combined the data of all these six families, we present a case-based review in this study. We aimed to draw attention of physicians to familial co-occurence of FMF and demyelinating disorders and also to discuss possible mechanisms of the coexistence of these two diseases in light of the literature.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715072/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315015920&v=2.14.3\">33715072</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04821-7\">10.1007/s00296-021-04821-7</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33715072/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-12-19T00:27:58.818000Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Rheumatology International", "authors": [ { "author_id": 219088, "given_name": "Cengiz", "family_name": "Korkmaz", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-0699", "country": null }, { "author_id": 219089, "given_name": "Döndü", "family_name": "Üsküdar Cansu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-3905", "country": "TR" }, { "author_id": 219090, "given_name": "Sibel Canbaz", "family_name": "Kabay", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-2191", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T05:59:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Familial coexistence", "demyelinating diseases", "familial Mediterranean fever" ], "doi": "10.1007/s00296-021-04821-7", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Multiple sclerosis (MS), as a demyelinating disorder, is also more commonly seen in FMF patients . Persistent pro-inflammatory situation in the course of FMF may play a role in the development of some other inflammatory diseases such as Behcet's disease, psoriasis, and vasculitis .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 538, "title": "Effect of twelve weeks pilates training on functional balance of male patients with multiple sclerosis: Randomized controlled trial", "summary": "<div><p>J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2021 Jan;25:41-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.003. Epub 2020 Nov 7.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">OBJECTIVE: Pilates training has several well-known benefits for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, its effect on functional balance is unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of pilates exercises on the functional balance of male patients with MS.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHOD: In the present parallel group randomized controlled trial, 30 men with MS were recruited from a local corrective exercise clinic in Tehran, Iran, and randomized into Pilates training group (N = 15), and control group (N = 15). At baseline, the age range was 25-40 years, and disability score index was 3-5.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">INTERVENTION: The intervention group received Pilates exercises including the extension of the thoracic spine, abdominal strengthening, core stabilizing exercises, upper and lower limb, and posture exercises for 12 weeks.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">OUTCOMES: Functional balance assessments including Berg's Balance Scale (BBS) test, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Functional Reach Test (FRT) were measured at the baseline and after 12 weeks.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: At a 12-week follow-up, a significant between-group difference was observed in favor of the Pilates training group for the functional balance scores (P < 0.05), while no adverse or harmful events were reported in any group.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSION: Pilates training increases the functional balance of MS patients, and decreases known risk factors for falls among the patients in this group, which may have the potential to reduce therapeutic costs and can be considered as a complementary therapeutic approach for physical therapists and corrective exercise experts.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714509/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315015920&v=2.14.3\">33714509</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.003\">10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.003</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714509/?fc=20210216052009&ff=20210315015920&v=2.1", "published_date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies", "authors": [ { "author_id": 308865, "given_name": "Mehdi", "family_name": "Gheitasi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 308866, "given_name": "Mohammad", "family_name": "Bayattork", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 308867, "given_name": "Lars Louis", "family_name": "Andersen", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 308868, "given_name": "Saeed", "family_name": "Imani", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 290398, "given_name": "Amin", "family_name": "Daneshfar", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": true, "ml_prediction_gnb": true, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T05:59:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Effect", "twelve weeks pilates training", "functional balance", "male patients", "multiple sclerosis", "Randomized controlled trial" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.11.003", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " 30 men with MS were recruited from a local corrective exercise clinic in Tehran, Iran, and randomized into Pilates training group (N = 15) and control group . The intervention group received Pilates exercises including the extension of the thoracic spine, abdominal strengthening, core stabilizing exercises, upper and lower limb exercises .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 535, "title": "Intestinal mycobiota in health and diseases: from a disrupted equilibrium to clinical opportunities", "summary": "AbstractBacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi establish a complex ecosystem in the gut. Like other microbiota, gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology. Notably, the most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the importance of gut fungi in the regulation of intestinal, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, pancreatic, and brain functions, and we present possible opportunities for the application of gut mycobiota to alleviate/treat human diseases. Video Abstract.", "link": "https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-021-01024-x", "published_date": "2021-03-14T00:00:00Z", "source": "BioMedCentral", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Microbiome", "authors": [ { "author_id": 309379, "given_name": "Xiaoyan", "family_name": "Wu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 309380, "given_name": "Yaoyao", "family_name": "Xia", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 309381, "given_name": "Fang", "family_name": "He", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 309382, "given_name": "Congrui", "family_name": "Zhu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 228875, "given_name": "Wenkai", "family_name": "Ren", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8145-8907", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-15T01:59:51Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Intestinal mycobiota", "health", "diseases", "a disrupted equilibrium", "clinical opportunities" ], "doi": "10.1186/s40168-021-01024-x", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Gut mycobiota plays an indispensable role in modulating intestinal physiology . The most striking characteristics of intestinal fungi are their extraintestinal functions . We present possible opportunities for the application", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 527, "title": "Population-based head-to-head comparison of the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD between two European countries", "summary": "<div><p>Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Mar 3;51:102879. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102879. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BACKGROUND: Population-based clinical studies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and epidemiological and clinical comparisons of White ethnicities are missing. In a large population-based international cohort, we extensively characterized aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive (AQP4-Ab+) NMOSD, and also compared the clinical, radiological and epidemiological features between two European populations residing in different areas.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHODS: Between self-reported Danish and Hungarian ethnicities, we compared the population-based clinical features, disability outcomes, and death of 134 AQP4-Ab+ NMOSD cases fulfilling the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis (IPND) criteria. For precise comparison of epidemiology, we conducted a population-based head-to-head comparative study of the age-standardized prevalence (January 1, 2014) and incidence (2007-2013) of AQP4-Ab+ NMO/NMOSD among adults (≥16 years) in Denmark (4.6 million) and Hungary (6.4 million) by applying 2015 IPND (NMOSD) criteria and 2006 Wingerchuk (NMO).</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: Danes were more likely to present with transverse myelitis and were more affected by spinal cord damage on long-term disability. Hungarians presented most often with optic neuritis, although visual outcome was similar in the groups. No differences were observed in sex, disease course, relapse rate, autoimmune comorbidity, mortality, brain MRI, and treatment strategies. The age-standardized prevalence estimates of AQP4-Ab+ NMOSD (2015 IPND criteria) in Denmark vs. Hungary were 0.66 vs. 1.43 (/100,000) while incidence rates were 0.04 vs. 0.11 (/100,000 person-years); similar differences were found based on the 2006 NMO criteria.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSIONS: This head-to-head comparative study indicates different disease characteristics and epidemiology among White populations in Europe, and substantiates the need for population-based genetic and environmental studies in NMOSD.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714126/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210314083920&v=2.14.3\">33714126</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.102879\">10.1016/j.msard.2021.102879</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714126/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-06T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders", "authors": [ { "author_id": 244191, "given_name": "Papp", "family_name": "Viktoria", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244192, "given_name": "Kim D.P.", "family_name": "Trones", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 167429, "given_name": "Melinda", "family_name": "Magyari", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0972-5222", "country": null }, { "author_id": 182576, "given_name": "Nils", "family_name": "Koch-Henriksen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7985-7573", "country": null }, { "author_id": 195573, "given_name": "Anna", "family_name": "Iljicsov", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-0794", "country": null }, { "author_id": 193154, "given_name": "Cecília", "family_name": "Rajda", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-4778", "country": null }, { "author_id": 236855, "given_name": "Helle H.", "family_name": "Nielsen", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244193, "given_name": "Gabor", "family_name": "Lovas", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 193783, "given_name": "Csilla", "family_name": "Rozsa", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9415-6177", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244194, "given_name": "Bjørn H.", "family_name": "Kristiansen", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 194950, "given_name": "Egon", "family_name": "Stenager", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-5193", "country": null }, { "author_id": 160457, "given_name": "Jette Lautrup", "family_name": "Frederiksen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1661-7438", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244195, "given_name": "Samuel", "family_name": "Komoly", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 160395, "given_name": "Finn", "family_name": "Sellebjerg", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-9623", "country": null }, { "author_id": 227435, "given_name": "Thor", "family_name": "Petersen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-2600", "country": null }, { "author_id": 163649, "given_name": "Zsolt", "family_name": "Illes", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-0450", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-14T12:39:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "head", "the clinical characteristics", "epidemiology", "AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD", "two European countries" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.msard.2021.102879", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Danes were more likely to present with transverse myelitis and were more affected by spinal cord damage on long-term disability . Hungarians presented most often with optic neuritis, although visual outcome was similar in the groups .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 528, "title": "TyPed study: Natalizumab for the treatment of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in Portugal", "summary": "<div><p>Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021 Feb 24;51:102865. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102865. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) patients do not respond to first-line disease-modifying therapies. Clinical trials showed that natalizumab is effective and safe in adults, but there are limited clinical trial data for children. Natalizumab is currently prescribed off-label for POMS. We aimed to characterize the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of natalizumab in all POMS cases treated in Portugal (from 2007 to 2018).</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHODS: Data from clinical records were retrospectively collected for all POMS cases treated with natalizumab in Portugal.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included, 14 (67%) of which were female. The median age at POMS diagnosis was 13 years old. The median duration of treatment with natalizumab was 2 years and 3 months. Median Expanded Disability Status Scale score decreased from 1.5 to 1.0 after 24 months. The Annualized Relapse Rate decreased from 1.31 events/patient/year before treatment with natalizumab to 0 after 12 months of treatment and to 0.04 after 24 months. No gadolinium-enhancing lesions or new or enlarged T2 hyperintense lesions were observed in 8/8 patients (100%) after 12 months, and 4/5 (80%) after 24 months. There was one possible serious adverse event, which did not require dose adjustment. Five patients discontinued treatment due to positive anti-JCV (JC virus) antibody JC serostatus.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSION: Natalizumab may be an effective and safe disease-modifying therapy for POMS. Our results are in line with data published for the adult population, as well as with similar observational studies in pediatric populations in other regions.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714125/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210314083920&v=2.14.3\">33714125</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.102865\">10.1016/j.msard.2021.102865</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33714125/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-06T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders", "authors": [ { "author_id": 191028, "given_name": "Filipe", "family_name": "Palavra", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-130X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244202, "given_name": "Sónia", "family_name": "Figueiroa", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 173019, "given_name": "Ana Sofia", "family_name": "Correia", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-9324", "country": "PT" }, { "author_id": 244204, "given_name": "Fernando", "family_name": "Tapadinhas", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 229558, "given_name": "João", "family_name": "Cerqueira", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-2775", "country": "PT" }, { "author_id": 244205, "given_name": "Rui Pedro", "family_name": "Guerreiro", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243650, "given_name": "João", "family_name": "de Sá", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243672, "given_name": "Maria José", "family_name": "Sá", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 229559, "given_name": "Sofia", "family_name": "Almeida", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-3393", "country": null }, { "author_id": 229560, "given_name": "Patrícia", "family_name": "Mota", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-8409", "country": null }, { "author_id": 243648, "given_name": "Lívia", "family_name": "Sousa", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-14T12:39:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "TyPed study", "Natalizumab", "the treatment", "pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis", "Portugal" ], "doi": "10.1016/j.msard.2021.102865", "access": "open", "takeaways": " A significant proportion of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) patients do not respond to first-line disease-modifying therapies . Natalizumab is currently prescribed off-label for POMS .", "categories": [ { "category_id": 7, "category_description": "", "category_name": "Natalizumab", "category_slug": "natalizumab", "category_terms": [ "natalizumab", "tysabri" ], "article_count": 298 } ] }, { "article_id": 530, "title": "Aberrant multimodal brain networks in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis", "summary": "<div><p>CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021 Mar 13. doi: 10.1111/cns.13632. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">AIMS: To explore large-scale brain network alterations and examine their clinical and neuropsychological relevance in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">METHODS: Twenty-four patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 26 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in our study. Based on the multimodal MRI dataset, individual morphological, structural, and functional brain networks were constructed and compared between the two groups at multiple levels. The associations with clinical/neuropsychological variables and the discriminant ability of significant alterations were further studied.</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RESULTS: Multimodal network analysis revealed that anti-NMDAR encephalitis mainly affected morphological and structural networks, but subtle alterations were observed in functional networks. Intriguingly, decreased network local efficiency was observed for both morphological and structural networks and increased nodal centrality in the lateral orbital gyrus was convergently observed among the three types of networks in the patients. Moreover, the alterations, particularly those from structural networks, accounted largely for cognitive deficits of the patients and could distinguish the diseased individuals from the HCs with excellent performance (area under the curve =0.933).</p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides a comprehensive view of characteristic multimodal network dysfunction in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which is crucial to establish new diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the disease.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33713553/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210314083920&v=2.14.3\">33713553</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13632\">10.1111/cns.13632</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33713553/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-06T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Wiley", "container_title": "CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics", "authors": [ { "author_id": 219759, "given_name": "Jinhui", "family_name": "Wang", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3201-707X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 188700, "given_name": "Yunyun", "family_name": "Duan", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-0260", "country": null }, { "author_id": 243610, "given_name": "Tian", "family_name": "Zhang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243943, "given_name": "Jing", "family_name": "Huang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244271, "given_name": "Zhuoqiong", "family_name": "Ren", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244272, "given_name": "Jing", "family_name": "Ye", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 219761, "given_name": "Ningkai", "family_name": "Wang", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-9021", "country": "CN" }, { "author_id": 244273, "given_name": "Yinzhi", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 319769, "given_name": "Xiaoya", "family_name": "Chen", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0710-9837", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244275, "given_name": "Peiyi", "family_name": "Gao", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 244276, "given_name": "Kuncheng", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 154166, "given_name": "Yaou", "family_name": "Liu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-0331", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-14T12:39:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Aberrant multimodal brain networks", "patients", "anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis" ], "doi": "10.1111/cns.13632", "access": "open", "takeaways": " Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis mainly affected morphological and structural networks . Increased nodal centrality in the lateral orbital gyrus was convergently observed among the three types of networks .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 532, "title": "Fingolimod as first-line treatment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a case report", "summary": "<div><p>Neurol Sci. 2021 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-05027-8. Online ahead of print.</p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b></p><p xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" xmlns:p1=\"http://pubmed.gov/pub-one\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) has a highly active and aggressive course, which can have a devastating effect on the physical and cognitive functioning of a child if not treated appropriately with effective disease-modifying drugs. The optimal treatment strategy of pediatric MS is currently unknown and debate continues as to whether treatment escalation or initiation of a highly active therapy provides a better outcome. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old female diagnosed with highly active relapsing-remitting MS (age at onset: 14 years) who received first-line treatment with fingolimod within 1 year of the first recorded symptom. Since starting fingolimod, the course of the disease has essentially been stable. No new or active lesions were observed in magnetic resonance imaging scans performed at 3 and 12 months after starting fingolimod, and treatment was well tolerated. These data suggest that, in this case, early treatment with first-line fingolimod was able to slow disease progression.</p><p>PMID:<a href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33712907/?utm_source=Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc=20210216052009&ff=20210314083920&v=2.14.3\">33712907</a> | DOI:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-05027-8\">10.1007/s10072-020-05027-8</a></p></div>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33712907/#x3D;Other&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=pubmed-2&utm_content=10guX6I3SqrbUeeLKSTD6FCRM44ewnrN2MKKTQLLPMHB4xNsZU&fc&#x", "published_date": "2021-01-05T00:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Neurological Sciences", "authors": [ { "author_id": 148579, "given_name": "Marco", "family_name": "Capobianco", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-2932", "country": null }, { "author_id": 166047, "given_name": "Antonio", "family_name": "Bertolotto", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7052-1907", "country": null }, { "author_id": 244551, "given_name": "Simona", "family_name": "Malucchi", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2021-03-14T12:39:21Z", "noun_phrases": [ "first-line treatment", "pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1007/s10072-020-05027-8", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " MS has a highly active and aggressive course, which can have a devastating effect on the physical and cognitive functioning of a child if not treated appropriately with effective disease-modifying drugs .", "categories": [ { "category_id": 1, "category_description": "Fingolimod, also known as Gilenya is a type of medicine known as a ‘disease-modifying therapy’ that is used to treat adults and children over 10 years of age with highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease of the nerves in which inflammation destroys the protective sheath surrounding the nerve cells. ‘Relapsing-remitting’ means that the patient has flare-ups of symptoms (relapses) followed by periods of recovery (remissions). Gilenya is used when the disease remains active despite appropriate treatment with at least one other disease-modifying therapy, or is severe and getting worse rapidly.\r\n\r\nhttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/gilenya", "category_name": "Fingolimod", "category_slug": "fingolimod", "category_terms": [ "fingolimod", "gilenya" ], "article_count": 259 } ] } ] }