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{ "count": 24378, "next": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api", "results": [ { "article_id": 283204, "title": "Evolving insights into the improvement of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy through PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in the clinical spectrum of lung cancer", "summary": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Undeniably, cancer immunotherapies have expanded the spectrum of cancer treatment, however, some patients do not respond to immunotherapies. This scenario is no different for lung cancer, whose two main types, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), still pose a serious clinical challenge. Adoptive T-cell therapies (ATC), which primarily include cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy and γδ-T-cell therapy, strengthen the patient’s immune system in combating cancer. Combining ATC with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) further enhances the effectiveness of this approach to eradicate cancer. With a particular emphasis on CIK cell therapy, which recently completed 30 years, we highlight the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in NSCLC and SCLC. Besides, we provide insights into the potential synergies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with adoptive T-cell immunotherapy in reshaping the treatment paradigm for lung cancer.</jats:p>", "link": "https://molecular-cancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12943-023-01926-4", "published_date": "2024-04-23T23:00:00Z", "source": "BioMedCentral", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Molecular Cancer", "authors": [ { "author_id": 348835, "given_name": "Yutao", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 235009, "given_name": "Amit", "family_name": "Sharma", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2216-5389", "country": "DE" }, { "author_id": 345623, "given_name": "Ingo G.H.", "family_name": "Schmidt-Wolf", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T16:26:48.668266Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1186/s12943-023-01926-4", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": "Some cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapies. Adoptive T-cell therapies strengthen the patient’s immune system in combating cancer. Combining ATC with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) further enhances the effectiveness of this approach to eradicate cancer.", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283202, "title": "Fatigue in children using motor imagery and P300 brain-computer interfaces", "summary": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology offers children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy unique opportunities for communication, environmental exploration, learning, and game play. Research in adults demonstrates a negative impact of fatigue on BCI enjoyment, while effects on BCI performance are variable. To date, there have been no pediatric studies of BCI fatigue. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different BCI paradigms, motor imagery and visual P300, on the development of self-reported fatigue and an electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of fatigue in typically developing children.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Thirty-seven typically-developing school-aged children were recruited to a prospective, crossover study. Participants attended three sessions: (A) motor imagery-BCI, (B) visual P300-BCI, and (C) video viewing (control). The motor imagery task involved an imagined left- or right-hand squeeze. The P300 task involved attending to one square on a 3 × 3 grid during a random single flash sequence. Each paradigm had respective calibration periods and a similar visual counting game. Primary outcomes were self-reported fatigue and the power of the EEG alpha band both collected during resting-state periods pre- and post-task. Self-reported fatigue was measured using a 10-point visual analog scale. EEG alpha band power was calculated as the integrated power spectral density from 8 to 12 Hz of the EEG spectrum.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Thirty-two children completed the protocol (age range 7–16, 63% female). Self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power increased across all sessions (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>(1,155)</jats:sub> = 33.9, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001; <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 5.0<jats:sub>(1,149)</jats:sub>, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.027 respectively). No differences in fatigue development were observed between session types. There was no correlation between self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power change. BCI performance varied between participants and paradigms as expected but was not associated with self-reported fatigue or EEG alpha band power.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Short periods (30-mintues) of BCI use can increase self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power to a similar degree in children performing motor imagery and P300 BCI paradigms. Performance was not associated with our measures of fatigue; the impact of fatigue on useability and enjoyment is unclear. Our results reflect the variability of fatigue and the BCI experience more broadly in children and warrant further investigation.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "link": "https://jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12984-024-01349-2", "published_date": "2024-04-23T23:00:00Z", "source": "BioMedCentral", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation", "authors": [ { "author_id": 348852, "given_name": "Joanna RG.", "family_name": "Keough", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348853, "given_name": "Brian", "family_name": "Irvine", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348854, "given_name": "Dion", "family_name": "Kelly", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348855, "given_name": "James", "family_name": "Wrightson", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348856, "given_name": "Daniel", "family_name": "Comaduran Marquez", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348857, "given_name": "Eli", "family_name": "Kinney-Lang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348858, "given_name": "Adam", "family_name": "Kirton", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T10:26:48.567543Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1186/s12984-024-01349-2", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": null, "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283199, "title": "Regulation of human microglial gene expression and function via RNAase-H active antisense oligonucleotides in vivo in Alzheimer’s disease", "summary": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n <jats:p>Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The discovery of genetic variants in genes predominately or exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, such as Apolipoprotein E (<jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic>) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (<jats:italic>TREM2</jats:italic>), as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of several microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, which has hampered the development of strategies aiming to modulate the expression of specific microglial genes. One way to target <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TREM2</jats:italic> is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>In this study, we identified, produced, and tested novel, selective and potent ASOs for human <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>TREM2</jats:italic>. We used a combination of in vitro iPSC-microglia models, as well as microglial xenotransplanted mice to provide proof of activity in human microglial in vivo.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We proved their efficacy in human iPSC microglia in vitro, as well as their pharmacological activity in vivo in a xenografted microglia model. We demonstrate ASOs targeting human microglia can modify their transcriptional profile and their response to amyloid-β plaques in vivo in a model of AD.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n <jats:p>This study is the first proof-of-concept that human microglial can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner to manipulate microglia phenotypes and response to neurodegeneration in vivo<jats:italic>.</jats:italic></jats:p>\n </jats:sec>", "link": "https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-024-00725-9", "published_date": "2024-04-23T23:00:00Z", "source": "BioMedCentral", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Molecular Neurodegeneration", "authors": [ { "author_id": 348859, "given_name": "Lina", "family_name": "Vandermeulen", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348860, "given_name": "Ivana", "family_name": "Geric", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 319889, "given_name": "Laura", "family_name": "Fumagalli", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9333-926X", "country": null }, { "author_id": 348861, "given_name": "Mohamed", "family_name": "Kreir", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348862, "given_name": "Ashley", "family_name": "Lu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348863, "given_name": "Annelies", "family_name": "Nonneman", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348864, "given_name": "Jessie", "family_name": "Premereur", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348865, "given_name": "Leen", "family_name": "Wolfs", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348866, "given_name": "Rafaela", "family_name": "Policarpo", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348867, "given_name": "Nicola", "family_name": "Fattorelli", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348868, "given_name": "An", "family_name": "De Bondt", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348869, "given_name": "Ilse", "family_name": "Van Den Wyngaert", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348870, "given_name": "Bob", "family_name": "Asselbergh", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348871, "given_name": "Mark", "family_name": "Fiers", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 265440, "given_name": "Bart", "family_name": "De Strooper", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348872, "given_name": "Constantin", "family_name": "d’Ydewalle", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 319893, "given_name": "Renzo", "family_name": "Mancuso", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-3348", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T06:26:48.496143Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1186/s13024-024-00725-9", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": "Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. APOE and TREM2 are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be used to target microglia expression using selective and potent ASOs.", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283198, "title": "The association of fear of falling and falls with sedentary behavior in people with multiple sclerosis", "summary": "CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians are encouraged to incorporate the issue of FoF during standard management, which may represent an opportunity to improve care and reduce sedentary behavior in pwMS.", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38652979/?fc=20210216052009&ff=20240424212532&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414", "published_date": "2024-04-23T10:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Elsevier BV", "container_title": "Journal of Psychosomatic Research", "authors": [ { "author_id": 348714, "given_name": "Adi Einav", "family_name": "Farber", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 154698, "given_name": "Shay", "family_name": "Menascu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-6818", "country": null }, { "author_id": 149951, "given_name": "Alon", "family_name": "Kalron", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-0868", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T06:25:47.414383Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111675", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": "", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283197, "title": "Neuro-urologische Diagnostik und Therapie nicht traumatischer/degenerativ bedingter neurogener Dysfunktion des unteren Harntraktes am Beispiel der Multiplen Sklerose", "summary": "<jats:title>Zusammenfassung</jats:title><jats:p>Die neurogene Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts bei Multipler Sklerose wird häufig\n unterschätzt, unterdiagnostiziert und unzureichend behandelt. Sie tritt in Abhängigkeit vom\n Krankheitsverlauf und der Lokalisation der nervalen Schädigung in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit\n und in Form verschiedenster Störungen von Harnspeicherung und Harnentleerung auf. Symptome wie\n Harninkontinenz, rezidivierende Harnwegsinfektionen, Drangsymptomatik, Pollakisurie,\n abgeschwächter Harnstrahl, Startverzögerung sowie Restharnbildung sind möglich. Jedoch erlaubt\n die Symptomatik keinen Rückschluss auf die zugrunde liegende Art der neurogenen Dysfunktion\n des unteren Harntrakts. </jats:p><jats:p>Zwar liegen heute zahlreiche Daten, Publikationen und Leitlinien zu diesem Thema vor;\n einheitliche, in prospektiven Studien überprüfte Screeningparameter und Algorithmen stehen für\n die Multiple Sklerose jedoch aus. </jats:p><jats:p>Diese Übersicht stellt die aktuellen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der\n neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts bei Multipler Sklerose dar. Problematisch ist\n hierbei die initial deutlich verzögerte Diagnosestellung, welche nicht zuletzt auf eine\n mangelnde Kommunikation zwischen Neurolog/innen und Urolog/innen zurückzuführen ist. Erste\n Hinweise auf das Vorhandensein einer neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts ergeben\n sich aus aktivem Fragen nach subjektivem Vorhandensein von Symptomen wie Harninkontinenz oder\n Auftreten von Harnwegsinfekten. Allerdings schließt eine subjektive Symptomlosigkeit eine\n neurogene Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts nicht aus. </jats:p><jats:p>Unabhängig vom Krankheitsstadium soll frühzeitig und individualisiert eine\n neuro-urologische Diagnostik und Therapie erfolgen. Bei der neuro-urologischen\n Therapieentscheidung sind alle Schädigungsaspekte und der Umfang der Funktionsdefizite anderer\n Organsysteme im Rahmen der Grunderkrankung der Multiplen Sklerose zu berücksichtigen. </jats:p><jats:p>Letztlich ist der enge und konsequente interdisziplinäre Austausch zwischen Neurologie,\n Allgemeinmedizin und Urologie unerlässlich. Dieses interdisziplinäre und interprofessionelle\n Denken und Handeln ist Voraussetzung, um die zahlreichen konservativen und invasiven\n therapeutischen Maßnahmen optimal zur Anwendung bringen zu können. Eine lebenslange,\n individuelle, risikoadaptierte urologische Betreuung zur Früherkennung und Prävention\n neuro-urologischer Komplikationen soll Betroffenen mit Multipler Sklerose angeboten werden. </jats:p>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38653466/?fc=20210216052009&ff=20240424212532&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414", "published_date": "2024-04-23T10:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Georg Thieme Verlag KG", "container_title": "Aktuelle Urologie", "authors": [ { "author_id": 286149, "given_name": "Ines", "family_name": "Kurze", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348713, "given_name": "Anke K.", "family_name": "Jaekel", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T06:25:46.333714Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1055/a-2281-7924", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": "Multipler Sklerose is diagnosed with neurogenen Dysfunktion des unteren Harntrakts bei Krankheitsverlauf, Lokalisation der nervalen Schädigung, Störungen von Harnspeicherung and Harnentleerung, Drangsymptomatik, Pollakisurie, abgeschwächter Harnstrahl, Startverzögerung", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283196, "title": "Remote neuropsychological assessment of patients with neurological disorders and injuries—a study protocol for a cross-sectional case-control validation study", "summary": "<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>There are great potential benefits of being able to conduct neuropsychological assessments remotely, especially for hard-to-reach or less mobile patient groups. Such tools need to be equivalent to standard tests done in the clinic and also easy to use in a variety of clinical populations.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and analysis</jats:title><jats:p>This study protocol describes a cross-sectional study aimed at validating the newly developed digitalized neuropsychological test battery Mindmore Remote in patients with neurological disorders and injuries. Diagnoses comprise traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumour and epilepsy. 50 patients in each patient group will be included. In addition, 50 healthy controls will be recruited. All participants will undergo both testing with Mindmore Remote at home and traditional neuropsychological assessment face-to-face in a randomised order. The primary outcome is the association between tests from the Mindmore Remote battery and their equivalent traditional neuropsychological tests. Further, bias between methods and differences between groups will also be investigated.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Ethics and dissemination</jats:title><jats:p>The study protocol has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (2022-06230-01) and adheres to the declaration of Helsinki. All participants will be given oral and written information about the study and sign informed consent forms before entering the study. All participants are informed that they can terminate their participation in the study at any given time, without giving any explanation, and participating in the study or not will not affect their care at the clinic. Neither authors nor personnel involved in the research project are affiliated with Mindmore AB. The results from the study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at national and international conferences on the topic.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial registration number</jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT05819008\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">NCT05819008</jats:ext-link>.</jats:p></jats:sec>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38653513/?fc=20210216052009&ff=20240424212532&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414", "published_date": "2024-04-23T10:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "BMJ", "container_title": "BMJ Open", "authors": [ { "author_id": 348711, "given_name": "Nils", "family_name": "Berginström", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1192-4527", "country": null }, { "author_id": 348712, "given_name": "Linus", "family_name": "Andersson", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T06:25:45.341561Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080628", "access": "open", "takeaways": "The study is aimed at validating the newly developed digitalized neuropsychological test battery Mindmore Remote in patients with neurological disorders and injuries. Diagnoses include traumatic brain injury, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumour and epilepsy. 50 patients in each patient group will be included and 50 healthy controls will be recruited. The primary outcome is the association between tests from the Mindmore remote battery and their equivalent traditional tests. The study protocol has been approved", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283195, "title": "Improved quality of life and psychological symptoms following mindfulness and cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis and their mediating role for cognition: a randomized controlled trial", "summary": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n<jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently gives rise to depressive and anxiety symptoms, but these are often undertreated. This study investigated the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) on psychological outcomes and quality of life (QoL), and whether they mediate treatment effects on MS-related cognitive problems.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n<jats:p>This randomized controlled trial included MS patients with cognitive complaints (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 99) and compared MBCT (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 32) and CRT (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 32) to enhanced treatment as usual (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 35). Baseline, post-treatment and 6-months follow-up assessments included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) and cognitive outcomes (self-reported and neuropsychological assessment). PROMS concerned psychological symptoms, well-being, QoL, and daily life function. Linear mixed models indicated intervention effects on PROMS and mediation effects of PROMS on cognitive outcomes.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n<jats:p>MBCT positively affected depressive symptoms (Cohen’s <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic>) = −0.46), fatigue (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = −0.39), brooding (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = −0.34), mindfulness skills (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.49), and mental QoL (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = −0.73) at post-treatment. Effects on mindfulness skills remained significant 6 months later (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.42). CRT positively affected depressive symptoms (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = −0.46), mindfulness skills (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = 0.37), and mental QoL (<jats:italic>d</jats:italic> = −0.45) at post-treatment, but not at 6-month follow-up. No effects on anxiety, well-being, self-compassion, physical QoL, and daily life function were found. Treatment effects on self-reported, but not objective, cognition were mediated by psychological symptoms and mindfulness skills.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n<jats:p>MBCT and CRT reduced a wide array of psychological symptoms and improved mental QoL. These improvements seemed to impact self-reported cognitive problems after both treatments, whereas objective cognitive improvements after MBCT seemed independent of improvement in psychological symptoms. Future studies should investigate long-term sustainability of these beneficial effects.</jats:p>\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration</jats:title>\n<jats:p>The trial was prospectively registered in the Dutch Trial registry on 31 May 2017 (NL6285; <jats:ext-link ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6459\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6459</jats:ext-link>).</jats:p>\n</jats:sec>", "link": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38653820/?fc=20210216052009&ff=20240424212532&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414", "published_date": "2024-04-23T10:00:00Z", "source": "PubMed", "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "container_title": "Journal of Neurology", "authors": [ { "author_id": 303610, "given_name": "Ilse M.", "family_name": "Nauta", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 173311, "given_name": "M", "family_name": "van Dam", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-5138", "country": null }, { "author_id": 272958, "given_name": "Dirk", "family_name": "Bertens", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 342539, "given_name": "Roy P. C.", "family_name": "Kessels", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 268452, "given_name": "Luciano", "family_name": "Fasotti", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 264109, "given_name": "Bernard M. J.", "family_name": "Uitdehaag", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348710, "given_name": "Anne E. M.", "family_name": "Speckens", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243091, "given_name": "Brigit A.", "family_name": "de Jong", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T06:25:44.022472Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1007/s00415-024-12327-y", "access": "open", "takeaways": null, "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283193, "title": "Language Exposure and Brain Myelination in Early Development", "summary": "<jats:p>The language environment to which children are exposed has an impact on later language abilities as well as on brain development; however, it is unclear how early such impacts emerge. This study investigates the effects of children's early language environment and socioeconomic status (SES) on brain structure in infancy at 6 and 30 months of age (both sexes included). We used magnetic resonance imaging to quantify concentrations of myelin in specific fiber tracts in the brain. Our central question was whether Language Environment Analysis (LENA) measures from in-home recording devices and SES measures of maternal education predicted myelin concentrations over the course of development. Results indicate that 30-month-old children exposed to larger amounts of in-home adult input showed more myelination in the white matter tracts most associated with language. Right hemisphere regions also show an association with SES, with older children from more highly educated mothers and exposed to more adult input, showing greater myelin concentrations in language-related areas. We discuss these results in relation to the current literature and implications for future research.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</jats:bold>This is the first study to look at how brain myelination is impacted by language input and socioeconomic status early in development. We find robust relationships of both factors in language-related brain areas at 30 months of age.</jats:p>", "link": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/43/23/4279", "published_date": "2023-05-15T00:00:00Z", "source": "JNeuroSci", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "container_title": "The Journal of Neuroscience", "authors": [ { "author_id": 328504, "given_name": "Laia", "family_name": "Fibla", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-8509", "country": null }, { "author_id": 328505, "given_name": "Samuel H.", "family_name": "Forbes", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1022-4676", "country": null }, { "author_id": 328506, "given_name": "Jordan", "family_name": "McCarthy", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 328507, "given_name": "Kate", "family_name": "Mee", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 328508, "given_name": "Vincent", "family_name": "Magnotta", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-5354", "country": null }, { "author_id": 328509, "given_name": "Sean", "family_name": "Deoni", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-6328", "country": null }, { "author_id": 328510, "given_name": "Donnie", "family_name": "Cameron", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-6909", "country": "GB" }, { "author_id": 328511, "given_name": "John P.", "family_name": "Spencer", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-144X", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T01:21:42.541840Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.1034-22.2023", "access": "open", "takeaways": "Study investigates the effects of children's early language environment and socioeconomic status (SES) on brain structure in infancy at 6 and 30 months of age. Results show that 30-month-old children exposed to larger amounts of in-home adult input showed more myelination in the white matter tracts most associated with language. Right hemisphere regions also show an association with SES.", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283192, "title": "Evidence Accumulation Rate Moderates the Relationship between Enriched Environment Exposure and Age-Related Response Speed Declines", "summary": "<jats:p>Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EEs) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults (63% female, 37% male). Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain aging but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the aging brain.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Significance Statement</jats:bold>Response speed in older adults is closely linked with trajectories of cognitive aging. Here, by recording brain activity while individuals perform a simple computer task, we identify a neural metric that is a critical determinant of response speed. Older adults exposed to greater cognitive and social stimulation throughout a lifetime could maintain faster responding, even when this neural metric was impaired. This work suggests EEG is a useful technique for interrogating how a lifetime of stimulation benefits brain health in aging.</jats:p>", "link": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/43/37/6401", "published_date": "2023-07-28T00:00:00Z", "source": "JNeuroSci", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "container_title": "The Journal of Neuroscience", "authors": [ { "author_id": 208899, "given_name": "Méadhbh", "family_name": "Brosnan", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-5429", "country": "IE" }, { "author_id": 348758, "given_name": "Daniel J.", "family_name": "Pearce", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9386-4507", "country": null }, { "author_id": 299990, "given_name": "Megan H.", "family_name": "O’Neill", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 299991, "given_name": "Gerard M.", "family_name": "Loughnane", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 299993, "given_name": "Bryce", "family_name": "Fleming", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 299994, "given_name": "Shou-Han", "family_name": "Zhou", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 348759, "given_name": "Trevor", "family_name": "Chong", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 208906, "given_name": "Anna C.", "family_name": "Nobre", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5762-2802", "country": "US" }, { "author_id": 348760, "given_name": "Redmond G.", "family_name": "O Connell", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 299997, "given_name": "Mark A.", "family_name": "Bellgrove", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T01:20:52.871867Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.2260-21.2023", "access": "open", "takeaways": "Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EEs) maintain higher levels of cognitive function. The efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults.", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 283191, "title": "Development of the Alpha Rhythm Is Linked to Visual White Matter Pathways and Visual Detection Performance", "summary": "<jats:p>Alpha is the strongest electrophysiological rhythm in awake humans at rest. Despite its predominance in the EEG signal, large variations can be observed in alpha properties during development, with an increase in alpha frequency over childhood and adulthood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these changes in alpha rhythm are related to the maturation of visual white matter pathways. We capitalized on a large diffusion MRI (dMRI)-EEG dataset (dMRI<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 2,747, EEG<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 2,561) of children and adolescents of either sex (age range, 5–21 years old) and showed that maturation of the optic radiation specifically accounts for developmental changes of alpha frequency. Behavioral analyses also confirmed that variations of alpha frequency are related to maturational changes in visual perception. The present findings demonstrate the close link between developmental variations in white matter tissue properties, electrophysiological responses, and behavior.</jats:p>", "link": "https://www.jneurosci.org/content/44/6/e0684232023", "published_date": "2023-12-14T00:00:00Z", "source": "JNeuroSci", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "container_title": "The Journal of Neuroscience", "authors": [ { "author_id": 338015, "given_name": "Sendy", "family_name": "Caffarra", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-5061", "country": "ES" }, { "author_id": 338016, "given_name": "Klint", "family_name": "Kanopka", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 338017, "given_name": "John", "family_name": "Kruper", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 174081, "given_name": "Adam", "family_name": "Richie-Halford", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9276-9084", "country": "US" }, { "author_id": 313852, "given_name": "Ethan", "family_name": "Roy", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 174084, "given_name": "Ariel", "family_name": "Rokem", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0679-1985", "country": "US" }, { "author_id": 174082, "given_name": "Jason D.", "family_name": "Yeatman", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-1293", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2024-04-24T01:19:13.797820Z", "noun_phrases": null, "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.0684-23.2023", "access": "open", "takeaways": "Alpha is the strongest electrophysiological rhythm in awake humans at rest. There is an increase in alpha frequency over childhood and adulthood. Maturation of the optic radiation accounts for developmental changes of alpha frequency. Behavioral analyses confirmed that variations of alpha frequencies are related to maturational changes in visual perception.", "categories": [] } ] }