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{ "count": 24537, "next": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=1344", "previous": "http://api.gregory-ms.com/articles/?format=api&page=1342", "results": [ { "article_id": 439749, "title": "Regulation of differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells by interferon beta in multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> Interferon beta (IFN beta) has complex immune regulatory properties that contribute to its treatment effect on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we investigated the role of IFN beta in differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells that are critical to the inflammatory process in MS. The results revealed that IFN beta inhibited intracellular production of interleukin (IL)-1b (PB/0.01) in both monocytes exposed toin vitro treatment of IFN beta and monocytes analysedex vivo from MS patients treated with IFN beta. IFN beta was shown to modulate differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF, which resulted in a delayed differentiation process. Furthermore, it characteristically altered the phenotypic features of differentiated dendritic cells by inhibiting the expression of CD1a, CD11b, CD11c, CD123 and CD209 while upregulating costimulatory molecules, such as CD86. The selective regulatory properties of IFN beta appeared to render the function of differentiated dendritic cells to produce an increased amount (PB/0.01) while their ability to secrete proinflammatory IL-12 and TGF beta was significantly reduced. The observed collective effects of IFN beta seemed to correlate with Th2 immune deviation. The study has provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of IFN beta in the treatment of MS. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1081oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 273821, "given_name": "Ying CQ", "family_name": "Zang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 300676, "given_name": "Sheri M", "family_name": "Skinner", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 300677, "given_name": "Rachel R", "family_name": "Robinson", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 300678, "given_name": "Sufang", "family_name": "Li", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 300679, "given_name": "Victor M", "family_name": "Rivera", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 297854, "given_name": "George J", "family_name": "Hutton", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 300680, "given_name": "Jingwu Z", "family_name": "Zhang", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.466457Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Regulation", "differentiation", "functional properties", "monocytes", " monocyte-derived dendritic cells", "interferon beta", "multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1081oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Interferon beta (IFN beta) has complex immune regulatory properties that contribute to its treatment effect on multiple sclerosis . The study has provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of IFN beta in the treatment of MS .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439748, "title": "RANTES: a genetic risk marker for multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a beta-chemokine and has been detected in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Considering its potential role in MS, we screened two functional polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of the RANTES in MS patients versus controls. Methods: We examined 140 postmortem brain samples from subjects with a primary diagnosis of MS, and peripheral blood samples from 216 control subjects. The RANTES-28C/G and -403G/A promoter polymorphisms were examined. All subjects were non-Hispanic Caucasians. Results: MS cases differed from controls showing a significant association with the 403G/A polymorphism (odds ratio, 2.359, [1.465-3.799]; P-0.0001), but not the -28C/G (P-NS) polymorphism. There was a significant association of the -28G allele with both early onset (P-0.031) and longer survival (P-0.006). Conclusion: There is a significant but complex association of the RANTES gene with MS. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1080oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 262466, "given_name": "Radhika", "family_name": "Gade-Andavolu", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 262467, "given_name": "David E", "family_name": "Comings", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 262468, "given_name": "James", "family_name": "MacMurray", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 262469, "given_name": "Ravi K", "family_name": "Vuthoori", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 261943, "given_name": "Wallace W", "family_name": "Tourtellotte", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 262470, "given_name": "Rashed M", "family_name": "Nagra", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 262472, "given_name": "Lawrence A", "family_name": "Cone", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.465648Z", "noun_phrases": [ "RANTES", "a genetic risk marker", "multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1080oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " RANTES-28C/G and -403G/A promoter polymorphisms were examined . MS cases differed from controls showing a significant association with one polymorphism . The -28G allele was associated with both early onset (P-0.031) and longer survival .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439747, "title": "Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): relation to established measures of impairment and disability", "summary": "<jats:p> Objective: To validate the newly developed Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) in a large, well characterized, independent group of MS patients by investigating the relation between the MSIS-29 and the Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale (GNDS), the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the MS Functional Composite (MSFC). Methods: Two hundred MS patients were recruited at our outpatient department. At the same visit GNDS, EDSS, MSFC and MSIS-29 were assessed. Data obtained from GNDS, EDSS and MSFC assessment were compared to both physical and psychological impact scores of the MSIS-29. In addition the contribution of GNDS subcategories, EDSS functional systems and MSFC components to the physical and psychological impact scores of the MSIS-29 was studied. Results: Median scores were 37.5 for the physical and 22.2 for the psychological impact score of the MSIS-29, 13.0 for GNDS and 4.0 for EDSS. Mean MSFC was 0.07. The physical impact score showed good correlations with both GNDS (0.79) and EDSS (0.68) and a moderate correlation with the MSFC (- 0.53). The psychological impact score showed weak correlations with EDSS (0.22) and MSFC (-0.30) and a moderately strong correlation with the GNDS (0.58). In 50 (25%) patients, scores on physical and psychological impact scales diverted, i.e., a relative high score on one scale combined with a relative low score on the other scale. This was related to the clinical disease course. Conclusion: Our study supports the use of the MSIS-29 as a measure for the assessment of physical impact of MS on normal daily life. In addition, our data provides a deeper understanding of the factors that determine both physical and psychological disease impact. Discrepancies between the latter two aspects deserve further attention. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1078oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 242179, "given_name": "E LJ", "family_name": "Hoogervorst", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 245879, "given_name": "J NP", "family_name": "Zwemmer", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 245880, "given_name": "B", "family_name": "Jelles", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 242183, "given_name": "C H", "family_name": "Polman", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 242182, "given_name": "B MJ", "family_name": "Uitdehaag", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.464773Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale", "relation", "established measures", "impairment", "disability" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1078oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Two hundred MS patients were recruited at our outpatient department . Median scores were 37.5 for the physical and 22.2 for the psychological impact score of the MSIS-29 . In 50 (25%) patients, scores on physical and psychological impact scales diverted, i.e., a relative high score on one scale combined with a relative low score on the other scale .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439746, "title": "Influence of HLA on progression of optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis: results of a four-year follow-up study", "summary": "<jats:p> Background: Genetic predisposition in multiple sclerosis (MS) has always been a critical concern in aetiology and progress of the disease. The present study looks into the relations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA), optic neuritis (ON) and MS in the Iranian population. Methods: Patients with potential diagnosis of acute ON underwent a standardized clinical examination for confirming the diagnosis. Selected patients were gathered for HLA typing and clinical follow up. Results: Of the 55 patients, 46 (83.6%) were female. The mean age was 25(± 7.3) with a range of 12-43. Twenty of the 55 (36%) were confirmed for the diagnosis of clinically definite MS (CDMS). Results show that A23, B21, A11 and B51 alleles were present in 4 (20%), 6 (30%), 2 (10%) and 1 (5%) of the CDMS patients, respectively. Ten (50%) and 17 (85%) CDMS patients were positive for HLA class II alleles, DR2 and DQ1, correspondingly. Conclusions: The study strongly suggests the association among DR2, A23 and B21 allele and the evolution of ON to MS. High prevalence of A23 and DR2 alleles in CDMS patients compared with the normal population may suggest an important role for these alleles in the development of MS. The study suggests B51 as a protective factor against development of ON in the normal population. In addition, results do not confirm previous studies considering A11 as a predisposing factor. The present study finally evokes that different classes of HLA have different roles in susceptibility to MS and confirms disease heterogeneity as an important emerging concept in MS. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1077oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 292961, "given_name": "Arash", "family_name": "Kheradvar", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292962, "given_name": "Abdol Reza", "family_name": "Tabassi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292963, "given_name": "Behrouz", "family_name": "Nikbin", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292965, "given_name": "Farideh", "family_name": "Khosravi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292967, "given_name": "Mehrnaz", "family_name": "Naroueynejad", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292970, "given_name": "Batool", "family_name": "Moradi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 292971, "given_name": "Ali Akbar", "family_name": "Amirzargar", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.463745Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Influence", "HLA", "progression", "optic neuritis", "multiple sclerosis", " results", "a four-year follow-up study" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1077oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Genetic predisposition in multiple sclerosis (MS) has always been a critical concern in aetiology and progress of the disease . Study looks into relations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA), optic neuritis (ON) and MS in the Iranian population .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439745, "title": "Bone strength in multiple sclerosis: cortical midtibial speed-of-sound assessment", "summary": "<jats:p> It has been previously suggested that multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are at increased risk for osteoporosis due to reduced mobility, decreased exposure to sunlight and recurrent steroid treatment. In order to systematically evaluate bone strength we assessed 256 MS patients (171 females, 75 males) through quantitative ultrasound measurement of cortical bone. Tibial speed of sound (SOS, m/sec) was measured at midpoint of the tibial shaft using a Soundscan 2000 (Myriad Ultrasound Systems, Rehovot, Israel) and results were compared to age- and gender-matched population norms. T-score distribution in male MS patients was similar to normal population. In contrast, for female MS patients T-score distribution was significantly different from population norms, reflected by increased SOS in 30.4% (T-score intervals 1- and-2 above normal values;P/0.001), compared with 7.4% in controls. These findings held true for both female patients younger and older than 45 years of age. Increased neurological disability and specifically motor involvement were more frequent in female patients with increased SOS (PB/0.05). Bone strength was preserved in MS patients. In a subgroup of female patients increased SOS was conceivably related to spasticity. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1076oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 154701, "given_name": "Anat", "family_name": "Achiron", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-3126", "country": null }, { "author_id": 285906, "given_name": "Shmuel", "family_name": "Edelstein", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 285907, "given_name": "Y", "family_name": "Ziev-Ner", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 203346, "given_name": "Uri", "family_name": "Givon", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6502-6661", "country": null }, { "author_id": 243983, "given_name": "Zeev", "family_name": "Rotstein", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243982, "given_name": "Yoram", "family_name": "Barak", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.462892Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Bone strength", "multiple sclerosis", "sound" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1076oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Multiple sclerosis patients are at increased risk for osteoporosis due to reduced mobility, decreased exposure to sunlight and recurrent steroid treatment . We assessed 256 MS patients (171 females, 75 males) through quantitative ultrasound measurement of cortical bone .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439744, "title": "Interferon-beta: the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titre predicts reversion to NAb negativity", "summary": "<jats:p> Background: It has been reported that in some patients with MS who develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against interferon beta (IFNb), antibody levels can initially increase and then decrease thereafter even when treatment is continued. Objective: To determine whether NAb titre correlates with time to reversion to NAb negativity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Twenty-eight patients with MS who were NAb-positive during treatment with one of the currently available IFNbs were included in this retrospective study. NAb titres were determined by the myxovirus resistance protein A induction assay. Patients were considered NAb-positive if they had at least two consecutive samples with titres of]/20 neutralizing units (NU). Reversion to NAb-negative status was defined as two consecutive negative samples (NAb titre of B/20 NU) after NAb positivity. Results: When measured two years after treatment initiation, a NAb titre of B/75 NU had a 91.7% sensitivity and a 87.5% specificity for reversion to NAb negativity in the following two years (after a total of four years of treatment). In addition, somewhat surprisingly, patients whose serum converted to NAb-negative generally developed peak NAb titres earlier than patients who remained NAb-positive (mean time of first detection was 21 versus 38 months, respectively). Conclusion: The NAb titre might support treatment decisions in patients with MS whose test results are positive for NAbs. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1074oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 266033, "given_name": "C", "family_name": "Gneiss", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 255265, "given_name": "M", "family_name": "Reindl", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 266031, "given_name": "A", "family_name": "Lutterotti", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 266030, "given_name": "R", "family_name": "Ehling", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 278673, "given_name": "R", "family_name": "Egg", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 157424, "given_name": "M", "family_name": "Khalil", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5350-3328", "country": null }, { "author_id": 255267, "given_name": "T", "family_name": "Berger", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 247854, "given_name": "F", "family_name": "Deisenhammer", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.462032Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Interferon-beta", "the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titre", "reversion", "NAb negativity" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1074oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " In some patients with MS who develop neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against interferon beta (IFNb) antibody levels can initially increase and then decrease thereafter even when treatment is continued . Patients were considered NAb-positive if they had at least two consecutive samples with titres of]/20 neutralizing units (NU)", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439743, "title": "T1 relaxation maps allow differentiation between pathologic tissue subsets in relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> In an attempt to clarify whether T<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> relaxation time mapping may assist in characterizing the pathological brain tissue substrate of multiple sclerosis (MS), we compared the T<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> relaxation times of lesions, areas of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) located proximal to lesions, and areas of NAWM located distant from lesions in 12 patients with the relapsing-remitting and 12 with the secondary progressive (SP) subtype of disease. Nine healthy volunteers served as controls. Calculated mean T<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> values were averaged across all patients within each clinical group, and comparisons were made by means of the Mann-Whitney U-test. Significant differences were found between all investigated brain regions within each clinical subgroup. Significant differences were also detected for each investigated brain region among clinical subgroups. While T<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> values of NAWM were significantly higher in patients with SP disease than in normal white matter (NWM) of controls, no differences were detected when corresponding brain areas of patients with RR MS were compared with NWM of controls. T<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> maps identify areas of the brain that are damaged to a different extent in patients with MS, and may be of help in monitoring disease progression. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1073oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 296848, "given_name": "A", "family_name": "Castriota-Scanderbeg", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 296849, "given_name": "F", "family_name": "Fasano", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 241195, "given_name": "M", "family_name": "Filippi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 273457, "given_name": "C", "family_name": "Caltagirone", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.461068Z", "noun_phrases": [ "T1 relaxation maps", "differentiation", "pathologic tissue subsets", " relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1073oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " T1 relaxation times of lesions, areas of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) located proximal to lesions, and areas of NAWM located distant from lesions . T1 maps identify areas of the brain that are damaged to a different extent in patients with MS .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439742, "title": "An fMRI study of planning-related brain activity in patients with moderately advanced multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> Introduction: Cognitive impairment occurs in a substantial number of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and often includes frontal lobe dysfunction. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study planning, an executive function, in moderately impaired MS patients. Methods: An fMRI version of the Tower of London (ToL) test was used to study patterns of brain activation in 23 MS patients and 18 healthy controls. The median score on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) for the MS patients was 4. fMRI data were analysed using whole brain random effects analysis as well as region of interest (ROI)-based methods to assess group effects. Within the MS group, associations with behavioural data and measures of disease severity (lesion load from structural MRI) were examined. Results: Test performance in MS patients was significantly worse than in controls. Group analysis for the MS patients and the controls showed for both groups globally the same areas of activation, located in the frontal and parietal lobes bilaterally and the cerebellum. Although visual inspection suggested a larger extent of activation in the MS group, no statistically significant differences between groups were found. In the ROI analysis, statistically significant larger extent of activation was only found in the cerebellum. No association between disease severity and brain activity could be determined in the MS group. Conclusion: In MS patients with moderate disability and structural damage, the pattern and extent of brain activation during planning were maintained despite poorer performance. In contrast to other studies showing increased activity, the failure to do so in our group may reflect exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1072oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 286100, "given_name": "Richard HC", "family_name": "Lazeron", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 286101, "given_name": "Serge ARB", "family_name": "Rombouts", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 247858, "given_name": "Philip", "family_name": "Scheltens", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 243479, "given_name": "Chris H", "family_name": "Polman", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 143261, "given_name": "Frederik", "family_name": "Barkhof", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-3706", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.460066Z", "noun_phrases": [ "An fMRI study", "planning-related brain activity", "patients", "moderately advanced multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1072oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study planning, an executive function, in moderately impaired MS patients . An fMRI version of the Tower of London (ToL) test was used to study patterns of brain activation in 23 MS patients and 18 healthy controls . Results: Test performance in MS patients was significantly worse than in controls .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439741, "title": "Increased expression of caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is supposedly a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Cytokines and other molecules involved in the regulation of apoptosis are thought to be of importance for the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, the mRNA levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18), IL-1b and their processing enzyme caspase-1 were quantified by a competitive RT-PCR method in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in MS patients never treated with disease modifying drugs. Western blot was used to support the expression pattern at the protein level. We found that the expression of caspase-1 and IL-18 was significantly increased in MS patients compared with healthy controls. Analysis of clinical subgroups revealed that caspase-1 was increased in all subgroups, whereas IL-18 was upregulated in chronic progression (P-0.001) and relapsing MS patients in remission (P-0.002) but not significantly during relapses (P-0.12). mRNA levels of IL-1b were not significantly altered in MS except for a possible decrease in chronic progression (P-0.03). An increased IL-18 expression, potentially augmented at the mature protein level, may indicate a pathway worth considering in future therapeutic strategies in MS. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1071oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 246018, "given_name": "Wen-Xin", "family_name": "Huang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 246019, "given_name": "Ping", "family_name": "Huang", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 152920, "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Hillert", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-6732", "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.459046Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Increased expression", "caspase-1", "interleukin-18", "peripheral blood mononuclear cells", "patients", "multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1071oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Multiple sclerosis (MS) is supposedly a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system . Cytokines and other molecules involved in the regulation of apoptosis are thought to be of importance for the pathogenesis of MS . We found that the expression of caspase-1 and IL-18 was significantly increased in MS patients compared with healthy controls .", "categories": [] }, { "article_id": 439740, "title": "Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, regulates Th1/Th2 balance and NKT cell subset in multiple sclerosis", "summary": "<jats:p> We investigated the immunoregulatory effects of ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, at a clinically applicable dose (60 mg/day p.o. for four weeks) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Sensitive real-time PCR for quantifying cytokine mRNA in the blood CD4- cells revealed that the ibudilast monotherapy significantly reduced tumour necrosis factor-a and interferon (IFN)-g mRNA and the IFN-g/interleukin-4 mRNA ratio, suggesting a shift in the cytokine profile from Th1 toward Th2 dominancy. In a flow cytometric analysis, natural killer T cells, which have been reported to relate to Th2 responses in MS and its animal model (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis), increased significantly after the therapy. None of the significant immunological changes were seen in healthy subjects or untreated MS patients. Ibudilast may be a promising therapy for MS and its clinical effects warrant further study. </jats:p>", "link": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1191/1352458504ms1070oa", "published_date": "2004-10-01T00:00:00Z", "source": "SAGE Publications", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "container_title": "Multiple Sclerosis Journal", "authors": [ { "author_id": 230679, "given_name": "Juan", "family_name": "Feng", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-7036", "country": "CN" }, { "author_id": 230358, "given_name": "Tatsuro", "family_name": "Misu", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7311-2578", "country": null }, { "author_id": 241745, "given_name": "Kazuo", "family_name": "Fujihara", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 295225, "given_name": "Saburo", "family_name": "Sakoda", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 261545, "given_name": "Yuji", "family_name": "Nakatsuji", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 279538, "given_name": "Hikoaki", "family_name": "Fukaura", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 272106, "given_name": "Seiji", "family_name": "Kikuchi", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 295228, "given_name": "Kunio", "family_name": "Tashiro", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 268134, "given_name": "Akio", "family_name": "Suzumura", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 295229, "given_name": "Naoto", "family_name": "Ishii", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 295230, "given_name": "Kazuo", "family_name": "Sugamura", "ORCID": null, "country": null }, { "author_id": 150220, "given_name": "Ichiro", "family_name": "Nakashima", "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2612-8948", "country": "JP" }, { "author_id": 244115, "given_name": "Yasuto", "family_name": "Itoyama", "ORCID": null, "country": null } ], "relevant": null, "ml_prediction_gnb": false, "ml_prediction_lr": false, "ml_prediction_lsvc": false, "discovery_date": "2022-06-09T10:40:10.457983Z", "noun_phrases": [ "Ibudilast", "a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor", "Th1/Th2 balance", "NKT cell subset", "multiple sclerosis" ], "doi": "10.1191/1352458504ms1070oa", "access": "restricted", "takeaways": " Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, was a clinically applicable dose (60 mg/day p.o. for four weeks) in MS patients .", "categories": [] } ] }